{"id":2796,"date":"2011-11-14T02:25:57","date_gmt":"2011-11-14T02:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/orthodox-library\/the-sects-cults-and-heresies\/orthodox-view-of-jehovahs-witnesses\/history-of-jehovah-s-witnesses\/"},"modified":"2011-11-14T02:25:57","modified_gmt":"2011-11-14T02:25:57","slug":"history-of-jehovah-s-witnesses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/da\/orthodox-library\/the-sects-cults-and-heresies\/orthodox-view-of-jehovahs-witnesses\/history-of-jehovah-s-witnesses\/","title":{"rendered":"Jehovas Vidners historie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eJehovas Vidner\u201c blev grundlagt af en amerikansk pr\u00e6dikant, der blev ber\u00f8mt i slutningen af det nittende \u00e5rhundrede, ved navn Charles Russell. Han blev f\u00f8dt i Pittsburgh i 1853 i en familie tilh\u00f8rende den presbyterianske protestantiske kirke. Han forlod skolen som fjorten\u00e5rig for at hj\u00e6lpe sin far, Akkad, i hans butik. I en alder af 17 begyndte han at tvivle p\u00e5 adskillige trossandheder, indtil han deltog i et syvendedags adventistm\u00f8de, blev imponeret over pr\u00e6dikenen og begyndte at l\u00e6se Bibelen igen. Han fandt if\u00f8lge ham selv, at der ikke er grundlag for helvedes eksistens i Bibelen, at den sidste dag er n\u00e6r, at kristne har fordrejet betydningen af Guds Ord ved at forklare Bibelen, og at de fleste kristne doktriner har intet grundlag.<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p>Han samlede nogle elever omkring sig med en syvendedags adventistgruppe, og de begyndte at udarbejde traktater, indtil de var uenige og skiltes i 1878. Russell havde solgt sin butik for at specialisere sig i evangelisering. I 1879 giftede han sig med Maria France Ackley, som blev hos ham og bidrog til hans arbejde i 18 \u00e5r. Samme \u00e5r grundlagde han et blad kaldet &quot;The Watchtower of Zion&quot;, som stadig udkommer i dag efter at de slettede ordet &quot;Zion&quot; fra det. Han begyndte at udsende brochurer for at udbrede sin tro og rekruttere frivillige, indtil arbejdet blev udvidet, og Russell grundlagde et firma i 1884, som han registrerede i staten Pennsylvania under navnet Watchtower of Zion Publishing Company. Russell rejste rundt i USA og Canada som mission\u00e6r, og han rejste ogs\u00e5 til Storbritannien og Lilleasien, efter at hans traktater spredte sig der. Han begyndte at udsende overs\u00e6ttelser p\u00e5 landets sprog og organisere konferencer for vidner og h\u00e6vdede, at de var en forts\u00e6ttelse. af j\u00f8diske forsamlinger efter 2.000 \u00e5rs pause p\u00e5 grund af kristendommen. Han brugte propaganda i aviser og organiserede d\u00f8r-til-d\u00f8r evangeliseringskampagner, der forts\u00e6tter den dag i dag.<\/p>\n<p>Han indgik i Society of Jehovas Witness to finansielle virksomheder til investering, gennem hvilke Russell ejede fast ejendom og penge og altid beholdt et flertal af aktierne. Hovedtemaet i Charles Russells traktater er Kristi komme og verdens ende. Da han sluttede sig til mission\u00e6rgruppen og s\u00e5, at deres h\u00e5b var blevet skuffet i at forudsige datoen for verdens ende, h\u00e6vdede han, at han opdagede sammen med nogle af sine tilh\u00e6ngere, at Kristus ville komme p\u00e5 en uset m\u00e5de, og at han faktisk kom ind. \u00e5ret 1874, begyndende en periode p\u00e5 fyrre \u00e5r, som apostlene kaldte h\u00f8stperioden, hvor Kristus ville samle sin hjord gennem sine apostle og afslutte de onde nationers tid Jehova vender tilbage som leder af sit udvalgte folk j\u00f8der. \u00d8del\u00e6ggelsen af alt ender i slaget ved Harmagedon (\u00c5benbaringen 16:14), hvorigennem Jehovas rige vandt med sine udvalgte, som han havde samlet i \u00e5r 1914. Derefter begynder de tusind \u00e5r, tusind \u00e5rs lykke for de udvalgte i himlen, og en anden jord kommer, efter at den nuv\u00e6rende jord er udslettet.<\/p>\n<p>Jehovas Vidner pr\u00e6diker stadig eskatologiske ideer og fokuserer p\u00e5 to temaer: opdelingen af menneskeheden og profetiske beregninger.<\/p>\n<p>Menneskelige budbringere er opdelt i tre klasser:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>De hellige, alts\u00e5 hans disciple. Kun disse 144.000 vil leve i himmelsk gl\u00e6de Blandt dem er nogle meget f\u00e5, som besidder den guddommelige natur og udg\u00f8r Kristi legeme.<\/li>\n<li>Br\u00f8drene er underlagt rigets lov og har et eksemplarisk menneskeliv, ledet af Det Gamle Testamentes venner.<\/li>\n<li>Den tredje klasse er sammensat af ulve forkl\u00e6dt som f\u00e5r. Disse mennesker har n\u00e6gtet at proselytisere og vil blive fuldst\u00e6ndig \u00f8delagt.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Russells forudsigelse om \u00e5ret 1914 er et grundlag i Jehovas Vidners undervisning. Det er baseret p\u00e5 Lukas 21:24, &quot;Jerusalem vil blive nedtr\u00e5dt af hedningerne, indtil hedningernes tider er opfyldt,&quot; og hvad Herren ikke sagde i evangeliet blev tilf\u00f8jet af hans egne sendebud, som bestemte tiden baseret p\u00e5 p\u00e5 beregninger. Hvorn\u00e5r begyndte nationernes tid? Hvor l\u00e6nge varer det? Hvis han besvarer de to sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l, vil han finde datoen for verdens undergang. Han sagde: Nationernes \u00e6ra begyndte med Nebukadnezars bes\u00e6ttelse af Jerusalem. Russell daterede denne begivenhed til \u00e5r 606, fordi tallet blev n\u00e6vnt i \u00c5benbaringens Bog, men erobringen af Jerusalem fandt faktisk sted i \u00e5r 586 f\u00f8r Kristus og igen i \u00e5r 597, da j\u00f8derne blev taget til fange til Babylon. Apostlene l\u00e6ste i Tredje Mosebog 18:26 p\u00e5 engelsk: &quot;Og hvis du alligevel lytter til mig, vil jeg f\u00f8je til din tugt syv gange for dine synder.&quot; talsans, hvilket betyder syv gange, og han begynder sine beregninger for de syv tider, som f\u00f8rte til forudsigelsen af verdens undergang for \u00e5ret 1914. Selvom det var \u00e5ret for F\u00f8rste Verdenskrig, var det ikke slutningen af verden.<\/p>\n<p>I sit personlige liv anmodede hans kone om skilsmisse p\u00e5 grund af utroskab og opn\u00e5ede den p\u00e5 sin mands regning. En amerikansk avis anlagde en retssag mod ham anklaget for bedrageri og salg af &quot;vidunder&quot; hvede for 60 dollars pr. Da han til geng\u00e6ld p\u00e5stod \u00e6rekr\u00e6nkelse mod avisen, tabte han sin retssag. Russell blev efterfulgt som pr\u00e6sident for samfundet af Joseph Franklin Rutherford.<\/p>\n<p>Rutherford havde v\u00e6ret advokat og r\u00e5dgiver for Watch Tower Society siden 1907. Han blev pr\u00e6sident for selskabet efter Russells d\u00f8d og fortsatte sin aktivitet. Efter krigen blev han f\u00e6ngslet sammen med en r\u00e6kke af sine ledsagere, fordi han n\u00e6gtede v\u00e6rnepligt og opfordrede til modstand mod staten. Han sagde, at Kristus forudsagde nyheden om hans f\u00e6ngsling, da han sagde: &quot;De vil forf\u00f8lge jer og udlevere jer til synagoger og f\u00e6ngsler...&quot; (Luk 12:21). Han genoptog sin aktivitet efter sin l\u00f8sladelse fra f\u00e6ngslet: taler, konferencer, publikationer, foruden radio og nyere cd&#039;er. I 1917 udgav han sin bog &quot;The Ending Secret.&quot; Det er en forklaring p\u00e5 \u00c5benbaringsbogen, H\u00f8jsangen og Ezekiel samt bibelstudier fra ham og hans forg\u00e6ngere, apostlene.<\/p>\n<p>Blandt hans l\u00e6re er, at Satan har agenter, hvoraf de vigtigste er religion, politik og handel, og den farligste af dem er kirken, fordi han mente, at Johannes henviste til det i synet, da han n\u00e6vnte den prostituerede. Det fremg\u00e5r af hans anklager mod kirken, at han er uvidende om kristne kendsgerninger og doktriner.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e6rem\u00e6ssige og administrative \u00e6ndringer skete i samfundet under Rutherford:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rutherford t\u00f8vede med at specificere tidspunkterne for h\u00f8st\u00e5ret og verdens undergang, s\u00e5 han ikke mislykkedes. Han sagde, at \u00e5ret 1918 var begyndelsen p\u00e5 verdens ende, s\u00e5 \u00e6ndrede han mening og sagde, at det var en begivenhed, der skete p\u00e5 himlen. Dommeren, som de kalder ham, ventede p\u00e5 prinsernes (det Gamle Testamentes venners) tilbagevenden i 1925, men de kom ikke, s\u00e5 han holdt op med at bestemme tiderne.<\/li>\n<li>Der er kun nogle f\u00e5 tilbage p\u00e5 jorden ud af de 144.000 medlemmer af Kristi Legeme. Flertallet p\u00e5 jorden er f\u00e5r, der vil opn\u00e5 lykke.<\/li>\n<li>I 1931 fandt han et nyt, vellykket navn til foreningen, &quot;Jehovas Vidner.&quot; en anden var optaget af disse vers.<\/li>\n<li>Administrativt forvandlede dommeren bev\u00e6gelsen Apostles of Democracy til et centraliseret teokrati, hvor den trofaste og kloge tjener hersker i Jehovas navn.<\/li>\n<li>Rutherford var en diktatorisk tyran, som var sv\u00e6r at h\u00e5ndtere og ikke t\u00f8vede med at \u00e6ndre sine holdninger for at tjene Jehovas Vidners interesser. L\u00e6ren var ved at \u00e6ndre sig. For eksempel fors\u00f8gte han at s\u00f8ge efter opfindelser i Bibelen: Esajas profeterede om flyvemaskiner, Jobs Bog om telegrafen osv. Blandt hans mods\u00e6tninger er religion, Satans agent, og han udgiver sine meninger i frihedens navn af religion. Religion kritiserer institutionen og skaber en religi\u00f8s institution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Efter Rutherford kom Nathan Knorr i 1942. Han havde sluttet sig til Jehovas Vidner i tyve \u00e5r og havde v\u00e6ret ansvarlig for publikationer i ti \u00e5r. Jehovas Vidner Foundation forblev central under hans regeringstid, og udstedte beslutninger, direktiver, udn\u00e6vnelser og publikationer alt sammen fra hovedcentret i Brooklyn (New York). Det \u00e5bnede agenturer i mange lande opdelt i regioner og grupper, og alle de ansvarlige for grupperne , regioner og lande rapporteret til hovedcentret. Knorr er en amerikaner fra Pennsylvania fra en calvinistisk protestantisk familie. Hans familie sluttede sig til Jehovas Vidner, da han var seksten. Han udvidede Jehovas Vidners arbejde, stabiliserede den administrative organisation, introducerede nye midler til evangelisering s\u00e5som film og konferencer og etablerede et center for uddannelse af mission\u00e6rer i m\u00e5der at kommunikere med mennesker med venlighed og h\u00f8flighed. I 1955 udgav han en bog med titlen &quot;Du kan leve efter Armageddon og komme ind i Guds nye verden.&quot; Da fonden blev etableret i verden, fortsatte Knorr med at pr\u00e6dike, at verdens ende var n\u00e6r.<\/p>\n<p>Jehovas Vidner fungerer stadig i dag efter det system, som Knorr og hans kolleger har etableret.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>S\u00f8ndag den 26. januar 1992, h\u00e6fte 4<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0633\u0633 &#8220;\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0647\u0648\u0647&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1853 \u0641\u064a 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