{"id":1515,"date":"2010-03-02T19:32:34","date_gmt":"2010-03-02T19:32:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/the-hieromartyr-alexander-bishop-of-jerusalem\/"},"modified":"2010-03-02T19:32:34","modified_gmt":"2010-03-02T19:32:34","slug":"the-hieromartyr-alexander-bishop-of-jerusalem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/fr\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/the-hieromartyr-alexander-bishop-of-jerusalem\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexandros le martyr, \u00e9v\u00eaque de J\u00e9rusalem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-1514\" style=\"float: left;\" title=\"Saint martyr Alexandros, \u00e9v\u00eaque de J\u00e9rusalem\" alt=\"Saint martyr Alexandros, \u00e9v\u00eaque de J\u00e9rusalem\" src=\"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/03\/12-dec-The-hieromartyr-Alexander-Bishop-of-Jerusalem.jpg\" height=\"144\" width=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/03\/12-dec-The-hieromartyr-Alexander-Bishop-of-Jerusalem.jpg 312w, https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/03\/12-dec-The-hieromartyr-Alexander-Bishop-of-Jerusalem-208x300.jpg 208w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/>Il est n\u00e9 en Cappadoce vers l&#039;an 170. Il suivit avec enthousiasme les cours de l&#039;\u00c9cole d&#039;\u00e9ducation chr\u00e9tienne d&#039;Alexandrie et \u00e9tudia aupr\u00e8s de ses professeurs les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres, tels que Pantaenius et Cl\u00e9ment d&#039;Alexandrie. De retour dans son pays, il d\u00e9clare sa foi au Christ malgr\u00e9 le risque d&#039;emprisonnement lors de la pers\u00e9cution des chr\u00e9tiens par l&#039;empereur romain Septime S\u00e9v\u00e8re en 202 apr\u00e8s J.-C. \u00c0 la fin du troisi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s J.-C., il est \u00e9lu \u00e9v\u00eaque de Cappadoce. , puis il a \u00e9t\u00e9 emprisonn\u00e9 pendant trois ans.<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s sa sortie de prison, il souhaita faire un p\u00e8lerinage \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem. L\u00e0, certains croyants jaloux l&#039;ont forc\u00e9 \u00e0 rester parmi eux et \u00e0 assister leur \u00e9v\u00eaque cheikh. Il est donc rest\u00e9 \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem apr\u00e8s avoir entendu une voix divine le pressant de rester. Il est donc rest\u00e9 \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem et est devenu assistant de son \u00e9v\u00eaque. Puis, le 7 ao\u00fbt, saint Narcisse, \u00e9v\u00eaque de J\u00e9rusalem, mourut dans le Seigneur. En 212, le peuple choisit saint Alexandros dans l&#039;\u00e9glise de J\u00e9rusalem pour \u00eatre son \u00e9v\u00eaque apr\u00e8s la mort de son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur, saint Narcisse. Il est rest\u00e9 assis sur cette chaise pendant trente-neuf ans. Tout au long de ces ann\u00e9es, il a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le important dans le maintien de la paix entre les \u00c9glises et dans l\u2019\u00e9tablissement de la foi.<\/p>\n<p>Il fonda la premi\u00e8re biblioth\u00e8que chr\u00e9tienne \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem, dans laquelle il rassembla les ouvrages les plus importants du christianisme et les lettres les plus pr\u00e9cieuses que les P\u00e8res \u00e9changeaient sur les probl\u00e8mes et les besoins de l&#039;\u00c9glise. Cette biblioth\u00e8que est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la plus ancienne biblioth\u00e8que chr\u00e9tienne. Eus\u00e8be, l&#039;auteur de \u00ab l&#039;Histoire de l&#039;\u00c9glise \u00bb, a pu acc\u00e9der \u00e0 cette biblioth\u00e8que. En 215-216, Orig\u00e8ne fuit Alexandrie et se r\u00e9fugie \u00e0 C\u00e9sar\u00e9e en Palestine \u00e0 la suite de la pers\u00e9cution ordonn\u00e9e par Caracalla. L&#039;\u00e9v\u00eaque de C\u00e9sar\u00e9e, Th\u00e9octiste, et l&#039;\u00e9v\u00eaque de J\u00e9rusalem, Alexandros, le re\u00e7urent. Ils lui demand\u00e8rent, avec d&#039;autres \u00e9v\u00eaques, d&#039;interpr\u00e9ter les Saintes \u00c9critures pour la majorit\u00e9 des croyants, ce qu&#039;il fit. D\u00e9m\u00e9trius, \u00e9v\u00eaque d&#039;Alexandrie, s&#039;est mis en col\u00e8re et a \u00e9crit aux \u00e9v\u00eaques pour les r\u00e9primander pour s&#039;\u00eatre \u00e9cart\u00e9s de la coutume habituelle et permettre aux la\u00efcs d&#039;enseigner dans l&#039;\u00e9glise. D\u00e9m\u00e9trius ordonna \u00e0 Orig\u00e8ne de retourner \u00e0 Alexandrie. Il y revint donc et continua son enseignement et ses \u00e9crits de l&#039;ann\u00e9e 217 \u00e0 230. Lorsqu&#039;il se rendit en Gr\u00e8ce et passa par C\u00e9sar\u00e9e en Palestine, son \u00e9v\u00eaque le c\u00e9l\u00e9bra en l&#039;ordonnant pr\u00eatre. Cela a mis D\u00e9m\u00e9trius en col\u00e8re, alors il l&#039;a renvoy\u00e9 de son poste d&#039;enseignant. En l&#039;an 231, l&#039;Imp\u00e9ratrice l&#039;amena \u00e0 Antioche, puis il retourna \u00e0 C\u00e9sar\u00e9e Palestine et s&#039;y installa. Une \u00e9cole th\u00e9ologique surgit autour de lui. Les personnes les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres qui ont entendu parler d&#039;Orig\u00e8ne \u00e9taient Gr\u00e9goire le Wonderworker et son fr\u00e8re Athendorus et Vermilian de Cappadoce.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsque la pers\u00e9cution de D\u00e8ce commen\u00e7a en 249-251, les soldats l&#039;arr\u00eat\u00e8rent et l&#039;envoy\u00e8rent \u00e0 C\u00e9sar\u00e9e en Palestine, o\u00f9 ils le jet\u00e8rent aux b\u00eates pour le d\u00e9vorer. Il s\u2019est \u00e9cri\u00e9 en disant : \u00ab Seigneur, si tu me veux maintenant, que ce soit ta volont\u00e9. \u00bb Les monstres cess\u00e8rent de lui l\u00e9cher les pieds. Puis les soldats l&#039;ont jet\u00e9 en prison et l&#039;ont tortur\u00e9 jusqu&#039;\u00e0 ce qu&#039;il meure. L&#039;\u00e9glise le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le 12 d\u00e9cembre et le 16 mai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 170. \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":1514,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"654,655,653,2589,658,669,680,700,610,1184,628,644","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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