{"id":1587,"date":"2010-03-13T20:30:28","date_gmt":"2010-03-13T20:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/st-andrew-of-crete\/"},"modified":"2010-03-13T20:30:28","modified_gmt":"2010-03-13T20:30:28","slug":"st-andrew-of-crete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/fr\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/st-andrew-of-crete\/","title":{"rendered":"Andr\u00e9 de Cr\u00e8te de J\u00e9rusalem, archev\u00eaque de Cr\u00e8te (Cr\u00e8te)"},"content":{"rendered":"![\"Andr\u00e9](\"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/03\/4_july_andrew_of_crete.jpg\" "\\"Andr\u00e9")
Saint Andr\u00e9 est n\u00e9 \u00e0 Damas, en Syrie, \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque de l'invasion arabe, vers l'an 660, dans une famille vertueuse et pieuse. Son p\u00e8re s'appelait Georges et sa m\u00e8re gr\u00e9gorienne. Bien qu\u2019il f\u00fbt l\u2019un des chanteurs les plus ob\u00e9issants, il fut priv\u00e9 de la capacit\u00e9 de parler pendant les sept premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de sa vie. Il ne peut \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9 de cette maladie que par l'apport de saints sacrifices. Depuis, il a des talents extraordinaires, notamment en \u00e9loquence et en \u00e9tude de la Bible. Sa famille lui a jur\u00e9 de servir l'\u00c9glise de la R\u00e9surrection \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem.<\/p>\n
Il s'est rendu \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem et a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 par le patriarche Th\u00e9odoros comme son fils spirituel. Il avait remarqu\u00e9 chez lui de grands talents, il voulut donc le pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 sa succession et le nomma, malgr\u00e9 son jeune \u00e2ge, gardien des documents patriarcaux et responsable des affaires de l'\u00c9glise.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
A son \u00e9poque, l'h\u00e9r\u00e9sie du monoth\u00e9lisme, qui croyait en une volont\u00e9 unique en Christ, apparut, et l'\u00c9glise fut confuse. Le patriarche Serge de Constantinople (610 - 638) fut le premier \u00e0 l'appeler \u00e0 des fins politiques plut\u00f4t que th\u00e9ologiques et religieuses, pour r\u00e9concilier le groupe controvers\u00e9 de ceux qui disaient que le Christ avait deux natures et le groupe de ceux qui croyaient en une seule nature. , avec l'intention d'unir les rangs pour renforcer le soutien du royaume byzantin dans ses positions et ses guerres avec... Perses et Arabes Le roi H\u00e9raclius aimait cette politique et il cherchait \u00e0 la r\u00e9aliser, mais ses efforts furent contrecarr\u00e9s, surtout apr\u00e8s que les Arabes occup\u00e8rent le Pays syriens et \u00e9gyptiens.<\/p>\n
![\"Andr\u00e9](\"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/03\/4_july_andrew_of_crete_2.jpg\" "\\"Andr\u00e9")
Lorsque le roi Constantin le Barbu monta sur le tr\u00f4ne, il convoqua les \u00e9v\u00eaques \u00e0 un concile g\u00e9n\u00e9ral pour mettre fin \u00e0 ces conflits religieux. Ainsi, le sixi\u00e8me concile \u0153cum\u00e9nique se r\u00e9unit dans la ville de Constantinople en l'an 680 apr\u00e8s JC en pr\u00e9sence du roi. se. Saint Andr\u00e9 participa \u00e0 ce concile au nom du patriarche de J\u00e9rusalem, dont la pr\u00e9sence \u00e9tait emp\u00each\u00e9e par des obstacles, et il signa avec les P\u00e8res (le 174e) le Credo qui prouve qu'il y a dans le Christ deux natures parfaites et deux volont\u00e9s parfaites, et il interdit aux adeptes de l'h\u00e9r\u00e9sie monoth\u00e9lite.<\/p>\n
En sa qualit\u00e9 de gardien des documents patriarcaux et responsable des affaires eccl\u00e9siastiques. Peu apr\u00e8s le VIe Concile \u0153cum\u00e9nique (vers l'an 685 apr\u00e8s JC), il fut envoy\u00e9 \u00e0 Constantinople, accompagn\u00e9 de deux saints anciens, pour pr\u00e9senter \u00e0 l'Empereur et au Patriarche la confession de foi de son \u00c9glise en soutien \u00e0 la condamnation de la Volont\u00e9 Unique. h\u00e9r\u00e9sie. Pendant que les deux saints anciens retournaient en Palestine, saint Andr\u00e9 restait dans la capitale royale, o\u00f9 des conditions favorables lui \u00e9taient offertes pour la pri\u00e8re, l'\u00e9tude et les \u0153uvres apostoliques pour lesquelles Dieu l'avait pr\u00e9par\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Notre saint resta quelque temps en retraite, mais il ne se cacha pas longtemps, car le don de la parole et le salut des \u00e2mes devinrent apparents aux yeux du patriarche et de l'empereur, et il fut ordonn\u00e9 diacre de la Grande \u00c9glise. . Il s'est \u00e9galement vu confier la t\u00e2che de s'occuper de l'orphelinat Saint-Paul et du refuge pour pauvres du quartier d'Afganios.<\/p>\n
Pendant vingt ans, il pers\u00e9v\u00e9ra avec beaucoup de z\u00e8le dans la gestion de ces deux institutions caritatives, afin qu'elles grandissent et se transforment en ports de salut gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son incitation au repentir et \u00e0 la vertu. Il r\u00e9ussit dans son travail au point qu'en 711 apr\u00e8s JC, il fut nomm\u00e9 archev\u00eaque de Cr\u00e8te. Cependant, avant de partir pour son nouveau poste, les choses ont chang\u00e9 \u00e0 Constantinople et Philippicos a usurp\u00e9 le tr\u00f4ne, le patriarche Kyros a \u00e9t\u00e9 renvers\u00e9 et Jean VI a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 \u00e0 sa place. La mission de ce dernier \u00e9tait d'annuler les d\u00e9cisions du Sixi\u00e8me Concile et de raviver l'h\u00e9r\u00e9sie de la Volont\u00e9 Unique. Il semble que le Saint de Dieu ait c\u00e9d\u00e9, \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, \u00e0 la pression de la nouvelle autorit\u00e9. Mais d\u00e8s que Philippicus fut exclu apr\u00e8s deux ans, Andr\u00e9 revint \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame repentant et reconnut deux volont\u00e9s en Christ. Certains disent qu\u2019il a \u00e9tabli la Grande Loi du Repentir, connue sous son nom, comme une expression de son repentir pour son \u00e9garement passager \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n
C'est \u00e0 saint Andr\u00e9 que remonte la cr\u00e9ation d'un grand nombre de pri\u00e8res et de rituels en l'honneur des f\u00eates du Seigneur, de la M\u00e8re de Dieu et des saints. Cela constitue un h\u00e9ritage pr\u00e9cieux dans la litt\u00e9rature patristique. Il composa \u00e9galement, avec un m\u00e9rite sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, un grand nombre de chants, encore conserv\u00e9s aujourd'hui dans nos livres liturgiques, pour d\u00e9corer ses c\u00e9l\u00e9brations religieuses. Comme nous l'avons mentionn\u00e9 plus t\u00f4t, le Saint de Dieu a \u00e9tabli la grande loi qui est r\u00e9cit\u00e9e chaque ann\u00e9e pendant la p\u00e9riode du Grand Car\u00eame, et qui a un impact distinctif sur l'\u00e2me des croyants en tant que motivation \u00e0 la repentance. Dans cette loi, connue sous le nom de \u00ab Loi d'Andr\u00e9 de Cr\u00e8te \u00bb ou sous le nom de \u00ab Grande Loi \u00bb, saint Andr\u00e9 \u00e9voque toutes les images de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament qui peuvent servir de mod\u00e8les au chemin de la guidance. et le repentir. Pour le croyant repentant qui a vu, au d\u00e9but du Grand Car\u00eame, l'image de lui-m\u00eame en Adam assis aux portes du Paradis, ces exemples, tir\u00e9s de la Sainte Bible, l'am\u00e8nent \u00e0 se rendre compte que, comme il contient les p\u00e9ch\u00e9s de tout monde dans sa vie, il ne peut chercher le salut que par les larmes, l'asc\u00e9tisme et la pri\u00e8re. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9tabli la grande r\u00e8gle de r\u00e9v\u00e9rence qui est r\u00e9cit\u00e9e le jeudi de la cinqui\u00e8me semaine du saint quaranti\u00e8me je\u00fbne, et qui consiste \u00e0 rechercher le pardon, \u00e0 demander gr\u00e2ce, \u00e0 s'humilier et \u00e0 faire preuve d'humilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n
En outre, saint Andr\u00e9 restaura des \u00e9glises et des monast\u00e8res et fonda une \u00e9glise pour Notre-Dame de Blachern, en souvenir de l'\u00e9glise du m\u00eame nom \u00e0 Constantinople. Il organisa \u00e9galement un refuge pour les malades, les infirmes et les n\u00e9cessiteux. Son soutien ne se limitait pas uniquement \u00e0 l'argent, mais avant tout \u00e0 sa pr\u00e9sence personnelle. C'est ainsi qu'il s'est retrouv\u00e9 \u00e0 s'occuper de personnes handicap\u00e9es. Avec un bon travail manuel et un mot de condol\u00e9ances ensemble.<\/p>\n
On rapporte que, par ses pri\u00e8res, il a r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 une attaque des Arabes musulmans contre l'\u00eele de Cr\u00e8te, a sauv\u00e9 l'\u00eele d'une s\u00e9cheresse par des pri\u00e8res et des larmes et a repouss\u00e9 une \u00e9pid\u00e9mie qui a frapp\u00e9 le pays. C'\u00e9tait tout pour tout le monde. Il quitta la Cr\u00e8te pour Constantinople et renfor\u00e7a la d\u00e9fense de la juste foi concernant les ic\u00f4nes et leur honneur. Il connaissait d'avance l'heure de son d\u00e9part de son Seigneur. En route vers la Cr\u00e8te, il d\u00e9barqua sur l'\u00eele de Mytil\u00e8ne, o\u00f9 saint Andr\u00e9 fut transf\u00e9r\u00e9 dans les chambres c\u00e9lestes le 4 juillet 720 apr\u00e8s JC.<\/p>\n
Notre \u00c9glise orthodoxe c\u00e9l\u00e8bre sa m\u00e9moire le quatri\u00e8me jour du mois de juillet.<\/p>\n
Troparia dans le quatri\u00e8me air
Vos actes de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 vous ont montr\u00e9 \u00e0 votre troupeau comme une loi de la foi, une image de douceur et un professeur d'abstinence, P\u00e8re Grand Pr\u00eatre Andr\u00e9. C'est pourquoi, par l'humilit\u00e9, vous avez atteint l'exaltation et par la pauvret\u00e9, la richesse, c'est pourquoi vous interc\u00e8dez aupr\u00e8s de vous. Christ Dieu pour sauver nos \u00e2mes.<\/p>\n
Qandaq avec le deuxi\u00e8me air
Tu es apparu publiquement avec des hymnes divins, et tu es apparu au monde comme une \u00e9toile lumineuse \u00e9blouissante, scintillant de la lumi\u00e8re de la Trinit\u00e9, \u00f4 juste Andr\u00e9, et c'est pour cela que nous te crions tous : Tu continues d'interc\u00e9der pour nous. tous.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 660\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u0633 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":1585,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"644,632,637,643,654,801,636,634,1155,1785,660,1844","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[1618,638,3745,571,981,940,653,3750,3754,3579,3744,3762,3749,1063,1072,3760,546,286,949,296,3751,3753,1084,3758,3746,3761,749,3748,3254,3573,3756,3755,3752,3759,3747,3757,367,994,393],"class_list":["post-1587","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alef","tag-1618","tag-638","tag-3745","tag-571","tag-981","tag-940","tag-653","tag-3750","tag-3754","tag-3579","tag-3744","tag-3762","tag-3749","tag-1063","tag-1072","tag-3760","tag-546","tag-286","tag-949","tag-296","tag-3751","tag-3753","tag-1084","tag-3758","tag-3746","tag-3761","tag-749","tag-3748","tag-3254","tag-3573","tag-3756","tag-3755","tag-3752","tag-3759","tag-3747","tag-3757","tag-367","tag-994","tag-393"],"yoast_head":"\n
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property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/fr\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/st-andrew-of-crete\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/orthodoxonline\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-03-13T20:30:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/03\/4_july_andrew_of_crete.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"550\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"572\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bashar\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@orthodoxonline\" \/>\n<meta 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