{"id":1746,"date":"2010-03-29T20:15:18","date_gmt":"2010-03-29T20:15:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/ba-ta-tha\/st-benedict-the-great\/"},"modified":"2010-03-29T20:15:18","modified_gmt":"2010-03-29T20:15:18","slug":"st-benedict-the-great","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/fr\/saints-and-fathers\/ba-ta-tha\/st-benedict-the-great\/","title":{"rendered":"Beno\u00eet le Grand"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"SaintLa r\u00e9f\u00e9rence fondamentale de la biographie de saint Beno\u00eet (en arabe Moubarak), que l'\u00c9glise c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le 14 mars, a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par l'\u00e9loquent \u00e9crivain et th\u00e9ologien saint Gr\u00e9goire le Grand (pape de Rome de 590 \u00e0 604). , bas\u00e9 sur quatre r\u00e9cits qu'il a glan\u00e9s aupr\u00e8s des disciples de Saint Beno\u00eet, qui dirigeaient une diorah qu'il avait cr\u00e9\u00e9e. Cela a \u00e9t\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9 dans le livre intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Les Dialogues \u00bb. Saint Gr\u00e9goire est connu dans l'\u00c9glise orthodoxe sous le nom de Saint Gr\u00e9goire \u00ab Theologos \u00bb, ce qui signifie \u00ab le Dialogue \u00bb, et l'\u00c9glise le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le 12 mars. Dans son livre \u00ab Dialogues \u00bb, \u00e0 dominante narrative et riche en proverbes \u00e0 port\u00e9e litt\u00e9raire, saint Gr\u00e9goire consacre la deuxi\u00e8me partie de ses dialogues \u00e0 saint Beno\u00eet.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Beno\u00eet est n\u00e9 dans la province de Nursi, pr\u00e8s de Rome, vers l'an 480. Son p\u00e8re s'appelle Eutrope. Dans sa jeunesse, il s'est r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 dans une grotte isol\u00e9e situ\u00e9e pr\u00e8s d'un monast\u00e8re de Subiaco, la r\u00e9gion montagneuse proche de Rome, pour y vivre comme un isolement consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la pri\u00e8re et au culte. En quelques ann\u00e9es, d\u2019autres le suivirent pour prier avec lui, puis participer \u00e0 son mode de vie. Apr\u00e8s avoir progress\u00e9 dans la vie d'asc\u00e8te et \u00eatre devenu capable d'\u00eatre un guide spirituel, il y fonda douze petits monast\u00e8res qu'il supervisa et dirigea. Il fonda \u00e9galement un monast\u00e8re encore c\u00e9l\u00e8bre aujourd'hui, le monast\u00e8re du Mont-Cassin, o\u00f9 il mourut vers l'an 547.<\/p>\n

Lorsqu'il atteignit un \u00e2ge lui permettant de poursuivre ses \u00e9tudes, ses parents l'envoy\u00e8rent \u00e0 Rome. Comme il semblait que le jeune homme avait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 dans la pi\u00e9t\u00e9, il fut troubl\u00e9 par l'absurdit\u00e9 de certains des jeunes gens qu'il rencontra et fut oblig\u00e9 de parler. Ce n'est que peu de temps avant qu'il d\u00e9cide de se retirer du monde parce qu'il ne voulait pas \u00eatre vuln\u00e9rable \u00e0 ses tentations. Il quitta secr\u00e8tement la ville et se dirigea vers le d\u00e9sert. Sa nounou, Kirla, le suivit \u00e0 trente milles de Roumieh, mais il sut comment la distraire et continua son voyage jusqu'\u00e0 arriver dans le d\u00e9sert des montagnes Subla, \u00e0 quarante milles de la ville. Cet endroit \u00e9tait une cha\u00eene de roches arides et arides surplombant une rivi\u00e8re dans la vall\u00e9e et un lac. L\u00e0, Beno\u00eet a rencontr\u00e9 un moine nomm\u00e9 Romanos d'un monast\u00e8re voisin. Cet homme l'habilla d'un costume monastique, lui donna des instructions utiles et le conduisit jusqu'\u00e0 une grotte \u00e9troite au fond des montagnes, presque inaccessible aux humains. Comme Romanos gardait secr\u00e8te l'ordre de Beno\u00eet, il commen\u00e7ait \u00e0 lui apporter, de temps en temps, de la nourriture qu'il pendait \u00e0 une corde \u00e0 laquelle il accrochait une cloche. L'\u00e2ge de notre sainte, \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, \u00e9tait de pr\u00e8s de quinze ans. Saint Gr\u00e9goire le Th\u00e9ologien disait qu'il \u00e9tait un gar\u00e7on.<\/p>\n

Beno\u00eet, conform\u00e9ment aux instructions que Romain lui avait fournies, y passa trois ans, apr\u00e8s quoi il fut dit que Dieu se plaisait \u00e0 r\u00e9v\u00e9ler ses affaires aux autres afin qu'ils puissent avoir lumi\u00e8re et direction. Au cours de l'ann\u00e9e 497 apr\u00e8s JC, alors qu'un des pr\u00eatres de ces r\u00e9gions pr\u00e9parait \u00e0 manger pour lui-m\u00eame, le glorieux dimanche de P\u00e2ques, il entendit une voix qui lui disait : \u00ab Tu te pr\u00e9pares un banquet, et mon serviteur Beno\u00eet est dans ta chambre. , \u00e9puis\u00e9 par la faim. Aussit\u00f4t le pr\u00eatre partit \u00e0 la recherche de l'ermite et ne le trouva qu'avec difficult\u00e9. Peu de temps apr\u00e8s, le saint rencontra des bergers pr\u00e8s de la grotte. Leur premi\u00e8re r\u00e9action fut l\u2019\u00e9tonnement. Ils pensaient que c'\u00e9tait un animal \u00e9trange car il portait une peau d'animal. Lorsqu\u2019ils ont su qu\u2019il \u00e9tait un homme de Dieu, ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9duits au point que certains d\u2019entre eux se sont pench\u00e9s sur sa vie bris\u00e9e. Depuis lors, sa renomm\u00e9e s'est r\u00e9pandue et les gens ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 lui rendre visite et \u00e0 lui fournir une partie de ce dont il avait besoin, et il leur a, \u00e0 son tour, fourni ses conseils et son orientation.<\/p>\n

En revanche, la lutte entre Beno\u00eet et les d\u00e9mons fut acharn\u00e9e. Le fardeau des exp\u00e9riences qui pesaient sur lui \u00e9tait parfois dur et violent. De l\u00e0, Satan a ramen\u00e9 \u00e0 la m\u00e9moire du saint l\u2019image d\u2019une femme qu\u2019il avait rencontr\u00e9e auparavant \u00e0 Rome. Ce souvenir a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 le d\u00e9ranger jusqu'\u00e0 ce qu'il commence \u00e0 penser \u00e0 quitter le d\u00e9sert. Rien ne lui permettait de supporter l'exp\u00e9rience. Elle s'accrochait \u00e0 son \u00e2me et refusait de le quitter. Finalement, apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9puis\u00e9 sa patience, il se jeta nu entre les \u00e9pines et commen\u00e7a \u00e0 se rouler dessus jusqu'\u00e0 ce qu'il soit compl\u00e8tement bless\u00e9 et que le sang coule de lui. En cons\u00e9quence, au milieu des douleurs et des blessures, par la gr\u00e2ce de Dieu, l'esprit d'adult\u00e8re s'est \u00e9teint en lui et il a disparu et n'est pas revenu.<\/p>\n

La bont\u00e9 de Beno\u00eet s'est r\u00e9pandue et les asc\u00e8tes ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 se frayer un chemin vers lui. Les moines de Vicovara, apr\u00e8s la mort de leur abb\u00e9, lui envoy\u00e8rent lui demander s'il accepterait d'\u00eatre leur berger, ce qu'il accepta, mais \u00e0 contrec\u0153ur. Il avait le sentiment qu\u2019il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas \u00e0 sa place parmi eux. En effet, certains os\u00e8rent l\u2019empoisonner avec du vin, et lorsqu\u2019il fut crucifi\u00e9 sur la coupe, celle-ci se brisa. Il leur pr\u00eacha et revint d'o\u00f9 il venait, \u00e0 Sublakum, o\u00f9 des \u00e9tudiants monastiques commenc\u00e8rent \u00e0 venir vers lui. Il construisit monast\u00e8re apr\u00e8s monast\u00e8re jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le nombre total de monast\u00e8res qu'il fonda \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque atteigne douze, avec un abb\u00e9 et douze moines. install\u00e9s dans chacun d\u2019eux.<\/p>\n

Certaines nouvelles de cette p\u00e9riode ont \u00e9t\u00e9 conserv\u00e9es dans la m\u00e9moire et ont circul\u00e9 de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration. Dans le monast\u00e8re de Saint-J\u00e9r\u00f4me, un des moines n\u00e9gligeait la pri\u00e8re sinc\u00e8re qui \u00e9tait apparemment r\u00e9cit\u00e9e dans l'\u00e9glise, le service liturgique, et partait donc pour aller travailler. Les moines du monast\u00e8re tent\u00e8rent en vain de dissuader leur fr\u00e8re de cet acte honteux, mais il s'en fichait. Ils communiqu\u00e8rent la nouvelle \u00e0 saint Beno\u00eet, qui entra un jour dans l'\u00e9glise \u00e0 la fin du service et vit un petit gar\u00e7on noir qui conduisait le moine avec sa manche. Il a pri\u00e9 pour lui. Puis le troisi\u00e8me jour, il le vit sur le point de partir comme d'habitude, alors il le frappa avec un b\u00e2ton, alors Satan s'enfuit et le moine retourna \u00e0 lui-m\u00eame. Dans un autre monast\u00e8re, le monast\u00e8re de Saint-Jean, le besoin d'eau \u00e9tait urgent et les moines ne parvenaient pas \u00e0 trouver un moyen de satisfaire leur besoin, alors le saint a pri\u00e9 et l'eau est sortie de terre. Dans le monast\u00e8re de Saint Cl\u00e9ment, au bord du lac, tandis qu'un moine gothique coupait des \u00e9pines, le fer de sa faucille tomba dans le lac. Les moines pri\u00e8rent, et par l'intercession de leur p\u00e8re, ils apport\u00e8rent le b\u00e2ton du lac. faucille et la plac\u00e8rent dans l'eau. Cela attirait le fer, alors ils lou\u00e8rent Dieu et rendirent gr\u00e2ce.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9putation de Beno\u00eet a atteint les oreilles de nombreuses personnes c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \u00e0 Rome et ailleurs, alors ils ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 affluer vers lui pour lui demander des conseils et des pri\u00e8res et pour rechercher entre ses mains la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction du Seigneur Dieu. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9 que certaines de ces personnes avaient l'habitude de laisser leurs enfants avec lui afin qu'ils puissent \u00eatre \u00e9lev\u00e9s dans une vie vertueuse d\u00e8s leur plus jeune \u00e2ge. Parmi eux se trouvaient les deux cheikhs Eutychios et Tertullus, qui \u00e9taient des Perses c\u00e9l\u00e8bres. Ces deux-l\u00e0 laiss\u00e8rent derri\u00e8re eux leurs deux fils, Maurus et Placidus, en l'an 522, et tous deux devinrent d'\u00e9minents \u00e9tudiants du saint.<\/p>\n

Quand Satan vit le succ\u00e8s du saint, il s'en prit \u00e0 lui, Florentius, un pr\u00eatre envieux et faible d'esprit, qui \u00e9tait \u00e0 proximit\u00e9. Cela a r\u00e9pandu des nouvelles malveillantes sur le saint dans l'intention de d\u00e9former sa r\u00e9putation et de lui nuire ainsi qu'\u00e0 son \u0153uvre b\u00e9nie. Il semble qu'il \u00e9tait puissant et tr\u00e8s mal\u00e9fique, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que le saint soit contraint de quitter son quartier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Sublakum pour atteindre le sommet du Cassino. Cependant, en chemin, il re\u00e7ut de Florentius la nouvelle qu'il \u00e9tait mort apr\u00e8s que le portique lui soit tomb\u00e9 dessus. Le saint a \u00e9t\u00e9 attrist\u00e9 par ce qui s\u2019est pass\u00e9, tandis que son \u00e9l\u00e8ve Moros a exprim\u00e9 son soulagement d\u2019avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 sauv\u00e9 de la pers\u00e9cution du pr\u00eatre contre son professeur et ses moines. Beno\u00eet n'a eu d'autre choix que d'infliger une s\u00e9v\u00e8re punition \u00e0 l'\u00e9tudiant.<\/p>\n

Cassino, qui se trouve \u00e0 Naples, \u00e9tait une petite ville construite sur un haut plateau. Au-dessus se trouvait un ancien temple d'Apollon entour\u00e9 de grands arbres. L\u00e0, des pa\u00efens venaient encore offrir des sacrifices. Lorsque le saint en prit note, il travailla avec la parole et les versets pour guider beaucoup de personnes vers la foi en J\u00e9sus, puis il attaqua l'idole et la brisa en morceaux, renversa l'autel, d\u00e9truisit le temple, coupa les arbres et en construisit deux. \u00e9glises sur place. \u00c0 partir de cette \u00e9poque, le monast\u00e8re du plateau de Cassino a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre \u00e9tabli \u00e0 partir de l'an 529 apr\u00e8s JC. Ce jour-l\u00e0, Beno\u00eet avait quarante-huit ans. De plus, notre sainte fonda un monast\u00e8re de religieuses \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du lieu et un autre de moines \u00e0 Terracina. Il envoya \u00e9galement son \u00e9l\u00e8ve Saint Placides fonder un monast\u00e8re sur l'\u00eele de Sicile.<\/p>\n

En Occident, on pense que saint Jean Cassien (+435), que l'\u00c9glise c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le 29 f\u00e9vrier, fut le premier \u00e0 \u00e9crire sur la vie monastique. Cependant, le v\u00e9ritable p\u00e8re du monachisme en Occident est saint Beno\u00eet, car il a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 un ensemble de lois pour la vie monastique communautaire qui est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l'un des documents les plus importants de l'histoire du monachisme occidental. Toutes ces lois se caract\u00e9risent par un \u00e9quilibre entre ordre et spontan\u00e9it\u00e9 l\u00e9gitime. Ce qui est frappant, c'est qu'il ne pr\u00e9sentait pas tant un id\u00e9al qu'un programme pratique, accessible \u00e0 ceux qui sont vertueux, mettant l'accent sur la puret\u00e9 du c\u0153ur, l'humilit\u00e9 et le souci de ce qui appartient \u00e0 Dieu, et fixant soigneusement les r\u00e8gles de la vie quotidienne. pri\u00e8res et obligations.<\/p>\n

Saint Beno\u00eet ignorait les sciences du monde, mais il \u00e9tait rempli de connaissances divines. Le th\u00e9ologien saint Gr\u00e9goire dit de lui qu\u2019il \u00e9tait \u00ab ignorant dot\u00e9 de connaissances et sage malgr\u00e9 son analphab\u00e9tisme \u00bb. On dit qu'il est devenu diacre et peut-\u00eatre pr\u00eatre, mais ce n'est pas s\u00fbr. Le tableau que saint Gr\u00e9goire le th\u00e9ologien a peint de lui montre qu'il pr\u00eachait dans certains endroits du quartier et qu'il avait un grand amour, tendant la main \u00e0 ceux qui \u00e9taient dans le besoin avec tout ce qu'on lui donnait. Il poss\u00e9dait \u00e9galement un rayonnement divin et une exp\u00e9rience dans la conduite et la gu\u00e9rison des \u00e2mes, ce qui lui permit d'\u00e9tablir une loi monastique que saint Gr\u00e9goire Th\u00e9ologien pr\u00e9f\u00e9rait \u00e0 toutes les lois qu'il connaissait. Cette loi est devenue si r\u00e9pandue qu\u2019elle a inclus les moines dans tout l\u2019Occident. Ses fondements \u00e9taient le silence, la solitude, la pri\u00e8re, l'humilit\u00e9 et l'ob\u00e9issance.<\/p>\n

La phrase cl\u00e9 de la vie monastique, selon saint Beno\u00eet, est \u00ab Priez et travaillez \u00bb. Le moine doit adh\u00e9rer au programme prescrit pour la vie quotidienne, qui se concentre sur la r\u00e9citation de pri\u00e8res et la lecture de psaumes, \u00e0 partir de deux heures du matin. Quant au travail, limit\u00e9 \u00e0 l'agriculture, il est obligatoire car il demande des efforts et constitue un moyen de ma\u00eetrise de soi, d'ob\u00e9issance et de gagne-pain. Saint Beno\u00eet rappelle que le travail monastique est un travail sans int\u00e9r\u00eat, car fond\u00e9 sur l'asc\u00e9tisme de l'\u00e2me. Le but du travail monastique est la saintet\u00e9, et non le profit ou l\u2019argent. C'est pourquoi Beno\u00eet souligne que les moines ne recherchent l'autosuffisance dans leur travail que pour se fortifier et s'installer, afin de ne pas \u00eatre un fardeau pour les croyants.<\/p>\n

Aux yeux de ses \u00e9tudiants, Beno\u00eet \u00e9tait un mod\u00e8le parfait pour le monachisme. Le Seigneur Dieu lui a dot\u00e9 de nombreux talents, notamment de miracles et de perspicacit\u00e9. Il a fortifi\u00e9 les moines et en a chass\u00e9 les d\u00e9mons par le signe de la croix. Un jour, alors que ceux qui construisaient un de ses monast\u00e8res \u00e9taient incapables de soulever un rocher de son emplacement \u00e0 cause de son poids, il fit une courte pri\u00e8re et le rocher devint \u00e9tonnamment l\u00e9ger. Une fois, il a ressuscit\u00e9 un de ses moines apr\u00e8s qu'un mur soit tomb\u00e9 sur lui sur le plateau de Cassino. Il pr\u00e9dit \u00e9galement, avec beaucoup de larmes, que le monast\u00e8re de Cassino serait profan\u00e9 et d\u00e9moli. Cela s'est r\u00e9ellement produit aux mains des Labardiens, quarante ans plus tard, vers l'an 580 apr\u00e8s JC. Beno\u00eet a \u00e9galement mentionn\u00e9 qu'il \u00e9tait \u00e0 peine capable, dans la pri\u00e8re, d'obtenir le pardon des habitants de ces r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n

En revanche, selon la loi Beno\u00eet, il \u00e9tait interdit \u00e0 un moine de manger \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur de son monast\u00e8re, \u00e0 moins qu\u2019il ne se trouve \u00e0 une distance qui ne lui permettrait pas de retourner \u00e0 son monast\u00e8re le jour m\u00eame o\u00f9 il sortait pour faire ses besoins. Cette r\u00e8gle, comme l\u2019a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Gr\u00e9goire Thealogos, a \u00e9t\u00e9 pleinement respect\u00e9e. Rien, de l'avis de notre saint, n'\u00e9tait plus dangereux pour un moine, lorsqu'il s'occupait des affaires du monde, que de manger et de boire dans les cercles mondains. Beno\u00eet connaissait en esprit les erreurs des moines et leurs pens\u00e9es et les avertissait d'\u00eatre forts. Un jour, un moine vint vers lui avec deux bouteilles de vin. Il en cacha une et apporta la seconde au saint, en disant que c'\u00e9tait un cadeau d'un tel. Beno\u00eet lui fit donc remarquer qu'il ne devait pas boire au saint. autre. Lorsque le moine retourna dans sa cellule et ouvrit la bouteille, il y trouva un serpent. Une autre fois, un des moines \u00e9tait de service et servait le saint pendant qu'il mangeait. Puis une pens\u00e9e vint \u00e0 l\u2019esprit du moine et il dit : Votre position est plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e que celle de Beno\u00eet, alors comment pouvez-vous le servir ? L\u2019homme, semble-t-il, appartenait \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lite. Imm\u00e9diatement, le saint le regarda et lui ordonna de se dessiner le signe de la croix et de le quitter.<\/p>\n

Lorsque Balisaire, le chef militaire, fut convoqu\u00e9 \u00e0 Constantinople, Totila, le roi de Gaut, envahit et pilla l'Italie. Lorsqu'il entendit parler de la saintet\u00e9 de Beno\u00eet et des miracles qu'il accomplissait, il voulut l'essayer et il annon\u00e7a qu'il allait rendre visite au saint. Mais au lieu d'aller le voir personnellement, un de ses proches l'a habill\u00e9 et lui a fait pr\u00e9tendre qu'il \u00e9tait le roi. Lorsque l'homme pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 s'est rendu compte de la situation, l'homme de Dieu lui a rapidement dit : Enl\u00e8ve ces v\u00eatements, mon fils, car ils ne sont pas \u00e0 toi !<\/p>\n

\"SaintFinalement, Totila s'approcha de lui et se jeta \u00e0 ses pieds, et ne se releva que lorsque le saint insista. On rapporte que Beno\u00eet a hardiment r\u00e9primand\u00e9 le roi pour les atrocit\u00e9s qu'il commettait, en disant : Vous faites un grand mal et vous en ferez davantage. Vous occuperez Rome, traverserez la mer et r\u00e9gnerez pendant neuf ans. La dixi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e, vous mourrez et vous compara\u00eetrez devant Dieu pour rendre compte de ce que vous avez fait. Tout ce que Beno\u00eet lui a dit s\u2019est produit exactement comme il l\u2019avait pr\u00e9dit. Totila fut pris de tremblement et demanda la pri\u00e8re du saint. On rapporte que le roi est devenu, depuis lors, plus humain qu'auparavant. Lorsqu'il prit Naples, il traita les prisonniers avec indulgence. Quant \u00e0 Rome, l'\u00e9v\u00eaque de Canossa pr\u00e9dit devant le saint que Totila serait laiss\u00e9e comme un tas de pierres et qu'elle ne serait plus habit\u00e9e. Le saint lui r\u00e9pondit : Non, mais elle serait frapp\u00e9e par des temp\u00eates et des tremblements de terre et elle. serait comme des arbres fl\u00e9tris \u00e0 cause de la corruption de leurs racines. Cette proph\u00e9tie prononc\u00e9e par le saint est ce qui s'est produit. Saint Gr\u00e9goire le Logos en a t\u00e9moign\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Il semble que Beno\u00eet soit mort apr\u00e8s sa s\u0153ur Scholastica dans l'ann\u00e9e qui a suivi sa rencontre avec Totila. Il informa \u00e0 l'avance ses disciples du jour de sa disparition et leur fit ouvrir sa tombe six jours avant sa mort. Quand ils l\u2019ont fait, il a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 de la fi\u00e8vre. Le sixi\u00e8me jour, ils le transport\u00e8rent \u00e0 l'\u00e9glise, o\u00f9 il offrit les sacrements. Apr\u00e8s avoir donn\u00e9 ses instructions \u00e0 ses moines, il s'appuya sur l'un d'eux, leva les mains et rendit son \u00e2me. Aujourd'hui, c'\u00e9tait un sabbat et la date \u00e9tait le 21 mars, probablement en 543 apr\u00e8s JC. Il avait soixante-trois ans. La plupart de ses restes se trouvent encore au monast\u00e8re de Cassino. Certains de ses ossements ont \u00e9t\u00e9 transf\u00e9r\u00e9s au monast\u00e8re de For\u00e9 en France. Ceux qui interc\u00e8dent pour lui demandent sa protection contre les effets n\u00e9fastes des insectes et de leurs poisons. Lorsqu'il se coucha, l'un des moines pr\u00e9sents eut une vision, et Saint Maur la vit \u00e9galement. Il \u00e9tait alors en France, et il vit une large route couverte de tapis luxueux et sur ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s d'innombrables bougies allum\u00e9es. Et un v\u00e9n\u00e9rable vieillard dit : C'est le chemin qu'a emprunt\u00e9 Beno\u00eet, le bien-aim\u00e9 de Dieu, et qui l'a conduit au ciel.<\/p>\n

Quant \u00e0 l'autorit\u00e9, Beno\u00eet s'est montr\u00e9 plus strict envers ceux qui l'exer\u00e7aient que envers ceux qui leur ob\u00e9issaient. Il a rappel\u00e9 au pr\u00e9sident \u00ab qu'il n'est pas libre d'user de son autorit\u00e9 \u00bb et qu'il n'a \u00ab aucune autorit\u00e9 \u00bb. oblig\u00e9 de consulter ses fr\u00e8res, y compris les gar\u00e7ons. Les moines ont le droit de pr\u00e9senter des objections, c'est-\u00e0-dire d'engager un dialogue, ainsi que le droit du pr\u00e9sident de prendre la d\u00e9cision finale. Saint Beno\u00eet dit au troisi\u00e8me chapitre de ses r\u00e8gles : \u00ab Chaque fois qu'un probl\u00e8me important qui se pose dans le monast\u00e8re doit \u00eatre discut\u00e9, le sup\u00e9rieur invite toute la communaut\u00e9 et lui pr\u00e9sente le probl\u00e8me. Ensuite, il recueille les opinions des fr\u00e8res et les examine soigneusement et seul, puis agit selon ce qu'il juge le plus appropri\u00e9. La raison pour laquelle il dit que tous les moines sont invit\u00e9s \u00e0 participer aux consultations est, selon lui, \u00ab que Dieu inspire souvent les meilleures suggestions aux plus jeunes \u00bb. Il conclut ensuite en disant : \u00ab Mais il convient que les \u00e9l\u00e8ves ob\u00e9issent au ma\u00eetre, mais il est bon qu\u2019il commande, en toute chose, avec perspicacit\u00e9 et justice. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Saint Beno\u00eet recommande \u00e9galement une attention particuli\u00e8re \u00e0 toutes sortes de personnes vuln\u00e9rables (les malades, les enfants et les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es), ainsi qu'aux invit\u00e9s et aux passants, dont \u00ab le monast\u00e8re ne manque jamais \u00bb. Lorsqu'il parle dans ses lois des quantit\u00e9s de nourriture et de boisson, ou du travail, ou lorsqu'il impose des actes d'expiation et des punitions, il fait preuve d'une mod\u00e9ration qui vise \u00e0 affiner l'\u00e2me plus qu'\u00e0 d\u00e9truire la volont\u00e9. De l\u00e0, on peut dire qu'il le fait dans un esprit \u00e9vang\u00e9lique et inspir\u00e9 par l'amour qui lui permet de maintenir un \u00e9quilibre efficace entre l'isolement et la vie communautaire, la pri\u00e8re et le travail... Saint Beno\u00eet consid\u00e8re que le chef du monast\u00e8re doit montrer \u00ab tant\u00f4t la s\u00e9v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du ma\u00eetre, tant\u00f4t la tendresse du p\u00e8re \u00bb, selon lui. Le don de discernement est le don fondamental qu'il faut poss\u00e9der. Il l\u2019appelle \u00e0 s\u2019adapter dans la conduite des \u00e2mes \u00e0 ce qu\u2019exigent les diff\u00e9rentes dispositions, et il ajoute : \u00ab Certains d\u2019entre eux ont besoin d\u2019\u00eatre guid\u00e9s par la bont\u00e9, d\u2019autres par la r\u00e9primande, et d\u2019autres encore par la persuasion. \u00bb<\/p>\n

On raconte de lui qu'\u00e0 la fin de sa vie, il mangea avec sa s\u0153ur Sainte Scholastique (l'\u00e9glise la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le 10 f\u00e9vrier), qui sentit que cette rencontre serait la derni\u00e8re et lui demanda de poursuivre la conversation. dans la soir\u00e9e, mais il a refus\u00e9, invoquant les lois. Mais elle a pri\u00e9 et a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 Dieu d\u2019envoyer une temp\u00eate qui a forc\u00e9 Beno\u00eet \u00e0 rester avec elle. Le sens de cette histoire est que Scholastique \u00ab d\u00e9passait son fr\u00e8re en capacit\u00e9 parce qu\u2019elle le surpassait en amour \u00bb. Le respect des lois ne peut jamais remplacer l\u2019exercice d\u2019une libert\u00e9 spirituelle enracin\u00e9e dans l\u2019amour de Dieu.<\/p>\n

Parmi ses enseignements, il existe douze niveaux d'humilit\u00e9, dont les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s sont\u00a0:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. C\u0153ur d\u00e9vou\u00e9, crainte de Dieu et comportement en sa pr\u00e9sence.<\/li>\n
  2. Abandonner sa propre volont\u00e9.<\/li>\n
  3. Ob\u00e9issance.<\/li>\n
  4. Patience avec les frais et les blessures.<\/li>\n
  5. R\u00e9v\u00e9ler nos pens\u00e9es et nos perceptions au P\u00e8re Sup\u00e9rieur.<\/li>\n
  6. Contentement et joie face \u00e0 l'humiliation, au travail m\u00e9prisable, aux v\u00eatements m\u00e9diocres, au fait de nous consid\u00e9rer indignes de la dignit\u00e9 et de nous consid\u00e9rer comme des esclaves au ch\u00f4mage.<\/li>\n
  7. Se consid\u00e9rer comme inf\u00e9rieur aux autres, moins pr\u00e9cieux que les autres, et m\u00eame le plus grand des p\u00e9cheurs.<\/li>\n
  8. \u00c9vitez l\u2019exclusivit\u00e9 dans les paroles et les actions.<\/li>\n
  9. Aimer le silence et l\u2019utiliser.<\/li>\n
  10. Pour \u00e9viter les d\u00e9lices et les rires d\u00e9cadents.<\/li>\n
  11. Il faut s'abstenir de parler fort et \u00eatre modeste.<\/li>\n
  12. Marcher avec humilit\u00e9 dans chaque action et garder les yeux sur la terre comme le publicain et Manass\u00e9 repentant. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Saint Beno\u00eet a ajout\u00e9 que l'amour divin est la r\u00e9compense qui vient de l'humilit\u00e9 sinc\u00e8re. Il a bris\u00e9 le c\u0153ur et fait abandonner sa volont\u00e9 avant l'ob\u00e9issance.<\/p>\n

    L'\u00e9glise le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le 14 mars.<\/p>\n

    Troparia dans le huiti\u00e8me air
    Car le d\u00e9sert st\u00e9rile, avec les ruisseaux de tes larmes, tu as \u00e9t\u00e9 mis\u00e9ricordieux, et avec les soupirs qui venaient des profondeurs, tu as port\u00e9 le fruit de ton travail au centuple, et tu es devenu une \u00e9toile pour le monde habit\u00e9, brillant de merveilles, \u00f4 notre juste p\u00e8re Beno\u00eet, interc\u00e8de donc aupr\u00e8s du Christ Dieu pour sauver nos \u00e2mes.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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