{"id":510,"date":"2009-02-20T01:56:46","date_gmt":"2009-02-20T01:56:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/biblical-studies\/biblical-general-studies\/history-of-new-testament-canon\/"},"modified":"2009-02-20T01:56:46","modified_gmt":"2009-02-20T01:56:46","slug":"history-of-new-testament-canon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/it\/biblical-studies\/biblical-general-studies\/history-of-new-testament-canon\/","title":{"rendered":"Storia del canone del Nuovo Testamento"},"content":{"rendered":"

l'introduzione<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Le parole di Cristo sono luce e vita, una luce per la nostra mente che risplende su noi che sediamo nelle tenebre e nell'ombra della morte. \u00c8 vita per i nostri cuori che sono stanchi dei compiti di questo mondo e assetati di vita e di amore. Sono stati pubblicati e vengono pubblicati ogni giorno tanti libri belli, preziosi, ricchi di spunti. Ma il libro della vita \u00e8 uno. Da Lui proviene la fonte della vita immortale che emana dal cuore nel cuore di ogni credente. La fedele \u201cSacra Bibbia\u201d. Pertanto \u00e8 imperativo che il Nuovo Testamento e la Chiesa diano al libro pieno onore. Ci sono molti modi per onorarlo. In chiesa giriamo attorno al libro, lo bruciamo, lo incensiamo, lo baciamo e lo guardiamo. La Bibbia siede al centro della tavola nel tempio all'interno delle nostre chiese.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

E tutto questo \u00e8 tutto onore perch\u00e9, ai nostri occhi, \u00e8 sacro e ispirato, secondo le parole dell'apostolo Paolo: \u00abLa Scrittura \u00e8 ispirata da Dio ed \u00e8 utile per insegnare...\u00bb (2 Timoteo 3:16). ). Crediamo che la Bibbia sia sacra perch\u00e9 \u00e8 lo Spirito Santo che ha ispirato coloro che l'hanno scritta e che, con la Sua santa unzione, ispirer\u00e0 anche coloro che la leggono e la interpretano.<\/p>\n

I santi padri furono i migliori custodi dell'affidamento apostolico, poich\u00e9 quando i libri divennero numerosi e diversificati, usavano definire i cosiddetti libri canonici, che sono i libri che la Chiesa accettava perch\u00e9 ispirati da Dio. Questo processo ha avuto fasi storiche di sviluppo che si sono estese durante i primi quattro secoli del cristianesimo. Le ricerche successive seguono queste tappe storiche nella formazione del canone dei libri del Nuovo Testamento, basandosi su ci\u00f2 che ho potuto ottenere dalla traduzione nel libro del professor John Krafidopoulos (Introduzione al Nuovo Testamento). Traendo l'aiuto indispensabile dai Padri di Be Waiting - i nostri libri parlanti - per poter presentare un'umile ricerca per ottenere l'iscrizione alle scuole domenicali ortodosse.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Antico Testamento come \u201clibro\u201d per la chiesa primitiva:<\/p>\n

Prima di vedere le fasi che hanno attraversato le procedure per compilare i \u201c27 libri\u201d del Nuovo Testamento in un unico corpo e renderlo noto alla chiesa come \u201clibro sacro\u201d, cio\u00e8 la storia del canone del Nuovo Testamento, dobbiamo Bisogna prima rispondere alla seguente domanda: quale libro era la chiesa primitiva?<\/p>\n

Nei libri del Nuovo Testamento, di solito incontriamo le frasi: "Le Scritture, dice la Scrittura, che \u00e8 scritta, secondo le Scritture... ecc." E quanto Cristo stesso menziona queste frasi, cos\u00ec fa il libro della Chiesa primitiva, che \u00e8 l\u2019Antico Testamento, chiamato anche \u201cLa Legge e i Profeti\u201d. Cristo mostra la sua visione dell'Antico Testamento come una visione e una pre-pianificazione di tutta la sua vita, opera, morte e risurrezione, e naturalmente riassume il suo messaggio riguardo all'Antico Testamento con la sua dichiarazione nel Sermone della Montagna: "Non non crediate che io sia venuto ad abolire la Legge, n\u00e9 che i Profeti siano venuti non per abolire ma per dare compimento\u00bb (Mt 5,17). Successivamente gli apostoli basarono la loro predicazione sull'Antico Testamento, dichiarando in ogni direzione la fede che nella persona di Ges\u00f9 Cristo si sarebbero adempiute tutte le profezie. Allo stesso modo i padri e gli inni ecclesiastici interpretarono l'Antico Testamento con concetti cristologici.<\/p>\n

Gli inizi del Nuovo Testamento come \u201clibro\u201d:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Come la Parola del Signore ha preso forma scritta nei quattro Vangeli, parallelamente essa \u00e8 stata consegnata anche oralmente come \u201ctradizione\u201d, e questa parola ha preso una posizione di certezza e di validit\u00e0 anzitutto nella coscienza dei cristiani.<\/p>\n

L'apostolo Paolo sostiene sempre le sue affermazioni nelle sue lettere con la verit\u00e0 e la forza delle parole del Signore: \u201cPoich\u00e9 vi diciamo queste cose mediante la parola del Signore\u201d (Tessalonicesi 4:15), \u201cvi comando non io, ma Signore\u201d (Colossesi 7:10), \u201cQuesto \u00e8 il comando del Signore: che coloro che annunciano il Vangelo vivano il Vangelo\u201d (Colossesi 9:14), \u201cPoich\u00e9 ho ricevuto dal Signore ci\u00f2 che vi ho trasmesso\u201d (1 Corinzi 11:23), \u201cIn ogni cosa vi ho mostrato che cos\u00ec deve essere\u201d. Voi vi affaticate e vi affaticate anzich\u00e9 i deboli, ricordando le parole del Signore Ges\u00f9\u201d (Atti 20:35).<\/p>\n

Seguendo l'esempio degli apostoli, i padri apostolici consideravano l'Antico Testamento e le parole del Signore come verit\u00e0 che solo loro possedevano. Da queste cose si deduce che all'inizio la tradizione viva della Chiesa ha avuto un ruolo primario nella diffusione della verit\u00e0 cristiana.<\/p>\n

Papia, vescovo di Ierapoli Frigia, all'inizio del II secolo, pur conoscendo i Vangeli scritti, si affidava pi\u00f9 alla tradizione viva che ad essi. Ci\u00f2 \u00e8 testimoniato dal brano seguente, che ci fornisce dettagli precisi: \u201cMa anch'io non esitate a presentarvi la mia interpretazione\u201d. Tutto ci\u00f2 che ho imparato attentamente dagli sceicchi (1)<\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647………. \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u00bb (2)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

I libri che componevano il Nuovo Testamento erano la parte scritta della verit\u00e0 cristiana trasmessa oralmente, ma anche questi libri non erano conosciuti in quell'epoca come Sacre Scritture, ma erano accettati nella coscienza dei cristiani, per la loro fonte apostolica e la loro sintonia con la verit\u00e0 che la Chiesa possedeva come tradizione viva \u00abfin dal principio, testimoni oculari e ministri\u00bb (Lc 1,2).<\/p>\n

I primi gruppi di libri del Nuovo Testamento:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dopo tutto quanto detto in precedenza riguardo alle citazioni del Signore da parte dei Padri Apostolici, ci sorge la domanda se sia possibile avere all'interno della Chiesa raccolte scritte pi\u00f9 specifiche dei libri del Nuovo Testamento. quando sono nate queste prime collezioni?<\/p>\n

Abbiamo chiare testimonianze di una prima raccolta nell'anno 140 dC da parte di Marcio N. l'Ateo a Roma.<\/p>\n

Questo \u00e8 il figlio di un vescovo di SINWPH TOU POUNTOU che si rifugi\u00f2 a Roma e fond\u00f2 la propria chiesa, e scrisse un canone composto dal Vangelo e dall'Epistola. Questo canone contiene il Vangelo di Luca (che era un partecipante e compagno del Apostolo Paolo e quindi aveva insegnamenti paolini) e dieci lettere di Paolo in ordine:<\/p>\n

(Gal, 1+2 Cor, Rom, 1+2 Tessalonicesi, Laodicesi - cos\u00ec chiamava Efeso -, Co, Fil, Vi) Dal Vangelo di Luca, Marcione ritaglia ci\u00f2 che non era coerente con i suoi insegnamenti.<\/p>\n

Ma Marcione fu il primo a contribuire all\u2019idea di raccogliere in un unico corpo i libri del Nuovo Testamento? Ci sono indizi specifici che fanno pensare che una raccolta delle epistole dell'apostolo Paolo sia avvenuta prima di Marcione, che sono i seguenti:<\/p>\n

- La Seconda Lettera Universale di Pietro - a partire dagli stessi testi del Nuovo Testamento - in quanto scrive riguardo all'apostolo Paolo, \u00abcome anche il nostro amato fratello Paolo ci ha scritto secondo la parola datagli, come in tutte le lettere parlando di queste cose\u201d (2 Pietro 3:15-16). Possiamo supporre che i lettori cristiani conoscessero queste lettere raggruppate in questo modo.<\/p>\n

- Allo stesso modo, Ignazio di Antiochia (3)<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u00bb \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639 \u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0633 “12: 2″\u060c “18: 1-1″\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 “5: 1″\u060c “9: 1″\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 “1: 1″\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 “1: 1″…\u0625\u0644\u062e).<\/p>\n

-Anche Policarpo (4)<\/a> \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 (1: 3)\u060c (3: 3)\u060c (4: 1)\u060c (5: 3)\u060c (6: 2)\u060c (12: 1) \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (4: 26).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Giustino (5)<\/a> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 (\u0631\u0648\u060c 1\u0643\u0648\u060c \u063a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0648\u060c 2\u062a\u0633\u060c \u062a\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628).<\/p>\n

Sulla base delle testimonianze precedenti, possiamo dire che una raccolta di lettere di San Paolo fu ritrovata in un unico corpo tra la fine del I secolo e l\u2019inizio del II secolo e potrebbe essere il luogo in cui furono raccolte le lettere. Corinto (6)<\/a> \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0633 (7)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Si pu\u00f2 dire lo stesso dei quattro Vangeli?<\/p>\n

- Prima della met\u00e0 del II secolo, i Vangeli non erano riconosciuti come libro sacro. Nei testi dei Padri Apostolici notiamo pochissime parole del Signore presentate come libri sacri.<\/p>\n

Naturalmente in esso troviamo la parola (Vangelo di Euaggelio) al singolare, ma questo termine non si riferisce al libro o ai libri che contiene, ma si riferisce piuttosto alla predicazione della Chiesa su Cristo.<\/p>\n

A met\u00e0 del II secolo Giustino menziona la parola (Vangelo di Euaggelio) al plurale, che descrive come \u201cmemorie degli apostoli\u201d. Ci dice che venivano lette nelle riunioni di culto cristiano insieme agli scritti dei profeti \u201cGli apostoli crearono memorie che furono chiamate Vangeli\u201d.<\/p>\n

- Quindi, nella seconda met\u00e0 del II secolo, si pu\u00f2 parlare di una raccolta contenente i quattro Vangeli, come risulter\u00e0 chiaro in seguito grazie alle notizie che ci sono pervenute da Ireneo. (8)<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f……… \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

La fine del II secolo, una tappa importante nella storia del diritto:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Il periodo tra la met\u00e0 e la fine del II secolo fu decisivo, come ricorda Efeso (9)<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00bb (10)<\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (11)<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00bb \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 192\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0629 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 ” \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u00bb (12)<\/a> \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n

Alla fine del II secolo, Ireneo, vescovo di Loghonno (oggi Lione), utilizza i libri del Nuovo Testamento nella sua lotta contro gli gnostici. (13)<\/a> \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 ) 1075 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 (\u0641\u0644\u060c 2 \u0628\u0637\u060c 3 \u064a\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0647 ) \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 ( 9-8\u060c 11 )\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 ( 1\u0628\u0637\u060c 1+2 \u064a\u0648) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

Nella stessa epoca vengono menzionati Clemente e Santo d'Alessandria (14)<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 (15)<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c 1 + 2 \u064a\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627 (93\u060c 13 ).<\/p>\n

Legge di Muratori:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nell'anno 1740 un monaco di nome Muratori rinvenne un testo importante sullo stato della legge nel II secolo. Si tratta di estratti di un manoscritto della Biblioteca Ambrosiani di Milano. Questa legge era conosciuta come \u201cCodice Muratori\u201d. il testo risale all'incirca all'anno 200 d.C. Molto probabilmente fu scritto nella Chiesa di Roma. Questo testo esprime le idee di una chiesa nel suo insieme, non le idee di una singola persona. Questo canone menziona 23 libri del Nuovo Testamento con brevi informazioni (voci). Il suo latino \u00e8 di difficile comprensione, il che ci porta a supporre che sia mal tradotto dall'originale greco.<\/p>\n

I libri previsti ed enumerati nel Codice Muratori sono: i 4 Vangeli, dei quali si dice che il Quarto Vangelo venne dal discepolo di Cristo Giovanni, gli Atti degli Apostoli provenienti dall'evangelista Luca, le tredici lettere di Paolo con l'introduzione alla Prima Lettera ai Corinzi (1+2 Corinzi, Ef. Co, Gal, 1+2 Tessalonicese, Ro, Fil, Ti, 1+2 Ti), notando che proprio come Giovanni scrive alle sette chiese (Ap. 2- 3), cos\u00ec anche Paolo a Corinzi, Efesini, Filippesi, Colossesi, Galati, Tessalonicesi e Romani nonch\u00e9 Filemone e Timoteo e le 3 epistole ecclesiastiche (1 + 2 Giovanni, Giuda), l'Apocalisse di Giovanni e l'Apocalisse di Pietro, ed \u00e8 noto che molti lo fecero non voglio che venga letto in chiesa. Manca la Lettera agli Ebrei, che fino alla fine del IV secolo non era compresa tra i libri canonici d'Occidente. Inspiegabile \u00e8 anche l'assenza della prima Lettera di Pietro dal canone, sebbene fosse considerata canonica da Ireneo, Tertulliano. (16)<\/a>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n

Possiamo dire brevemente che durante la fine del II secolo furono considerati canonici la maggior parte dei 27 libri del Nuovo Testamento, cio\u00e8: i quattro Vangeli, gli Atti e le 13 Epistole dell'apostolo Paolo (eccetto l'Epistola ai Ebrei di alcuni scrittori). Delle epistole chiaramente comprensive, solo la Prima Lettera di Pietro e la Prima Lettera di Giovanni e infine l'Apocalisse di Giovanni.<\/p>\n

Discussioni su specifici libri di diritto durante il terzo secolo:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nel III secolo non si discuteva sulla canonicit\u00e0 dei Quattro Vangeli, degli Atti, delle 13 Epistole di San Paolo e delle Epistole Grandi, cio\u00e8 dei libri che erano stati imposti come libri sacri dalla fine del secolo precedente .<\/p>\n

Tuttavia, differenze tra gli ordinamenti delle chiese locali si notano nelle epistole cattoliche minori (2 Pietro, 3 + 2 Giovanni, Giuda), cos\u00ec come nell'Epistola agli Ebrei (principalmente respinta in Occidente) e nell'Apocalisse (principalmente respinta in Oriente).<\/p>\n

Lo stato di diritto agli inizi del III secolo ha un'eco nelle opere di Origene (17)<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 ) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00bb (18)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Nella prima categoria: i quattro Vangeli, le 13 Epistole di San Paolo e la Lettera agli Ebrei (che suscita dubbi da parte di alcune Chiese, solo per quanto riguarda la sua attribuzione all'apostolo Paolo), Atti, la Prima Lettera di Pietro, la Prima Epistola di Giovanni e la visione.<\/p>\n

Nella seconda categoria: che \u00e8 chiamata (dubbia) perch\u00e9 le chiese non erano d'accordo all'unanimit\u00e0 su di essa, che \u00e8 la Seconda Lettera di Pietro, la Seconda e la Terza Lettera di Giovanni, la Lettera di Giacomo e la Lettera di Giuda.<\/p>\n

Anche Origene utilizza pi\u00f9 volte diversi altri scritti come se fossero molto originali, ma non li considera canonici o ispirati. Queste opere sono: Il Pastore di Erma, La Prima Lettera di Clemente, Gli Atti di Paolo, L'Epistola di Barnaba, L'Insegnamento degli Apostoli.<\/p>\n

Infine, alcuni di essi sono considerati falsi, che sono i Vangeli eretici, come il Vangelo di Tommaso, Vasilidis, Mattia e quello dei Dodici, che secondo gli egiziani.<\/p>\n

A met\u00e0 del III secolo, Dionisio, allievo di Origene, responsabile della Scuola Alessandrina dell'Educazione e poi vescovo di Alessandria, nella sua lotta contro il vescovo Arsenio Nepota, titolare dell'Eresia del Millennio. (19)<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 ) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 ) \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

Tuttavia queste sue idee non ci portano a rifiutare la legalit\u00e0 di questo libro, mentre altri studenti di Origene e anche la Scuola di Antiochia, fondata da Luciano (20)<\/a> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

 In generale, l'Oriente si \u00e8 rivelato molto conservatore riguardo al Libro dell'Apocalisse. Ci\u00f2 che si riflette nella realt\u00e0 liturgica \u00e8 che la Chiesa non ha specificato le letture di questo libro nella liturgia. Inoltre, circa 2\/3 dei manoscritti del Nuovo Testamento non contengono questo libro.<\/p>\n

Formulazione finale della legge nel IV secolo:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

- Efeso venne intorno all'anno 325 d.C., circa un secolo dopo Origene, nella sua storia ecclesiastica, distinguendo i seguenti gruppi di libri. (21)<\/a> :<\/p>\n

 - I libri riconosciuti: menziona successivamente i quattro santi Vangeli, gli Atti degli Apostoli, le Epistole di San Paolo (senza distinguere la Lettera agli Ebrei), la Prima Lettera di Giovanni, la Prima Lettera di Pietro, e classifica anche la visione con loro. Ma sottolinea opinioni opposte.<\/p>\n

B - Libri non riconosciuti: Epistole conosciute da molti, Giacomo, Giuda, 2 Pietro, 2 Giovanni e 3.<\/p>\n

C - Libri non canonici: Atti di Paolo, Pastore di Erma, Apocalisse di Pietro, Lettera di Barnaba, Insegnamento dei Dodici, Vangelo degli Ebrei, Apocalisse di Giovanni.<\/p>\n

D - Libri eretici: Il Vangelo di Pietro, il Vangelo di Tommaso, il Vangelo di Metas e altri, gli Atti di Andrea e Giovanni e altri apostoli.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Il trentanovesimo messaggio festivo di sant'Atanasio (22)<\/a> \u0633\u0646\u0629 367\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u00ab\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0647\u0648\u0630\u0627)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u00c8 da notare che sant'Atanasio il Grande fu il primo a usare il termine \u201ccanonico\u201d per dichiarare la raccolta dei libri della Bibbia. La parola "legge" in passato significa un sovrano o un livello di architettura, e in senso figurato significa lo standard secondo il quale confrontiamo altre cose. Inoltre, significa un elenco o un elenco, e in questo senso \u00e8 usato in matematica. astronomia e storia.
I libri citati nella legge sono chiamati libri giuridici, mentre il libro \u201cIl Pastoralista\u201d di Hermas \u00e8 descritto come uno dei libri \u201cche non appartengono alla legge\u201d. Pertanto, i libri che appartengono al canone del libro sono chiamati \u201ccanonici\u201d, mentre altri libri sono chiamati \u201cnon canonici\u201d o \u201calterati\u201d.<\/p>\n

La legge del Nuovo Testamento e la Chiesa:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064e\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

Il secondo fattore da prendere in considerazione \u00e8 la popolarit\u00e0 delle opere apocrife durante il II secolo. I cristiani erano diffidenti nei confronti degli insegnamenti eretici contenuti in alcune opere apocrife o delle loro sconsiderate informazioni immaginarie, e questa era la preoccupazione principale. la chiesa.<\/p>\n

Pertanto, da un lato, la Chiesa dovette confrontarsi con Marcione, che ridusse i libri principali a un Vangelo e dieci lettere, e dall'altro dovette confrontarsi con le varie eresie e movimenti gnostici che stavano creando molti testi di false scritture. . Ha ampliato il suo canone contro Marcione mettendo in risalto i quattro Vangeli e le lettere di Paolo con il resto delle lettere del Nuovo Testamento oltre alla visione, e contro gli gnostici ha limitato i testi apostolici ispirati da Dio e quelli originali, che costituiscono il canone finale del Nuovo Testamento.<\/p>\n

Ci\u00f2 che va quindi sottolineato \u00e8 che la Chiesa esisteva prima della legge ed era guidata dallo Spirito Santo, distinguendo i libri ispirati da quelli non ispirati. \u00c8 possibile che Marcione e i libri apocrifi degli gnostici abbiano influenzato la formazione della legge. ma anche, e fondamentalmente, la Chiesa ha voluto porre i fondamenti dei suoi principi storici di fede nella persona di Ges\u00f9 Cristo per la sua vita liturgica ed evangelistica.<\/p>\n

Nel definire il rapporto tra Bibbia e Chiesa, si nota che non sarebbe corretto enfatizzare eccessivamente la sovranit\u00e0 dell'una a scapito dell'altra. Naturalmente, la chiesa senza libro \u00e8 come un veicolo senza ruote. Allo stesso modo, la Bibbia senza chiesa \u00e8 senza efficacia e senza interpretazione. Se possediamo la Bibbia, possediamo la chiesa perch\u00e9 l'ha inclusa e interpretata, condannando le interpretazioni eretiche . Senza il dono interpretativo dello Spirito Santo, che \u201ccostituisce una cosa stabilita nella Chiesa\u201d, la Bibbia rimane \u201csigillata con sette sigilli\u201d (Apocalisse 1:5).<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\"Storia<\/p>\n

Tradotto da: Amer Khamis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

(1)<\/a> \u06be\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n

(2)<\/a> \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c(3″39: 3-4).<\/p>\n

(3)<\/a> \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0650\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 35\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 107 \u0648117\u0645.<\/p>\n

(4)<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

(5)<\/a> \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u06be\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a( 150 \u0645).<\/p>\n

(6)<\/a> \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

(7)<\/a> \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

(8)<\/a> \u06be\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u06be\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u06be\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

(9)<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 (264- 340\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0629.<\/p>\n

(10)<\/a> \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c ( 5\u064b 16: 3)<\/p>\n

(11)<\/a> \u0623\u0633\u0633\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u06be\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0651\u06be\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

(12)<\/a> \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c (4\u064b  26: 14).<\/p>\n

(13)<\/a> \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u06be\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u06be\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06be\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u06be\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

(14)<\/a> \u06be\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u06be\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u06be\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 202\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0637\u06be\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u06be \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06be\u0627 \u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639\u06be \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

(15)<\/a> \u0648\u0623\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629” \u0648 \u06be\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u06be\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

(16)<\/a> \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 106 \u2013 155\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u06be\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u06be\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0646\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06be\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06be\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u06be\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u06be \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0643\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u06be\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

(17)<\/a> \u06be\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06be \u0641\u06cc\u06be\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u06cc\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u06be \u0641\u06be\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06be\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u060c (185- 250\u0645).<\/p>\n

(18)<\/a> \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c (6\u064b  25).<\/p>\n

(19)<\/a> \u06be\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0638\u06be\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u06be\u0627 \u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d \u0633\u06cc\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u06cc\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0629 \u06cc\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u06cc\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0622\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u06be\u0645\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u06cc\u0629 (20 : 4- 7).<\/p>\n

(20)<\/a> \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06be \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u06be\u0627.<\/p>\n

(21)<\/a> \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c (3\u064b  25).<\/p>\n

(22)<\/a> \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 295 \u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0646\u064e\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u062f\u06cc\u06be\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 373 \u0645.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"511,603,489,1911,1914,906,2824,1185,947,1258,5106,5097","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[290,493,496,494,495],"class_list":["post-510","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biblical-general-studies","tag-290","tag-493","tag-496","tag-494","tag-495"],"yoast_head":"\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f - \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 - \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\": \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644, \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f, \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629, \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f, \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/it\/biblical-studies\/biblical-general-studies\/history-of-new-testament-canon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f - \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\":\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0631 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