{"id":2427,"date":"2010-07-02T10:36:26","date_gmt":"2010-07-02T10:36:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/st-alexis-metropolitan-of-moscow-and-wonderworker-of-all-russia\/"},"modified":"2026-02-19T02:25:32","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T01:25:32","slug":"st-alexis-metropolitan-of-moscow-and-wonderworker-of-all-russia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/pl\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/st-alexis-metropolitan-of-moscow-and-wonderworker-of-all-russia\/","title":{"rendered":"Aleksy Rosji, metropolita Moskwy i ca\u0142ej Rosji"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u015awi\u0119tyNasz wielki ojciec \u015bwi\u0119ty, Aleksy (Aleksy Rusin), \u017cy\u0142 w latach (1378-1354) i by\u0142 metropolit\u0105 moskiewskim i ca\u0142ej Rusi, a tak\u017ce sta\u0142 na czele rz\u0105du rosyjskiego, gdy Dymitr Donkios by\u0142 jeszcze nieletni. Ko\u015bci\u00f3\u0142 wspomina go 12 lutego.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\u015awi\u0119tyAleksios, kt\u00f3rego imi\u0119 rodowe brzmia\u0142o Alterios, syn Fiodora (Theodore\u2019a) Baconta, nale\u017ca\u0142 do arystokratycznej rodziny, kt\u00f3ra wyemigrowa\u0142a z Czernikowa do Moskwy, gdzie osiedli\u0142a si\u0119 i za\u0142o\u017cy\u0142a liczn\u0105 rodzin\u0119.
\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627” \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630 \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0625\u0630 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0647 ” \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u062b\u0627”\u061f \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0623 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633”.<\/p>\n

Rozpocz\u0105\u0142 \u017cycie monastyczne w monasterze Bo\u017cego Objawienia w Moskwie w 1313 roku. Jego ojcami duchowymi, opr\u00f3cz towarzyszy, byli mnisi tego monasteru: starzec Ironetius i \u015bw. Stefan (14 lipca), brat \u015bw. Sergiusza z Radone\u017ca. <\/p>\n

Oko\u0142o 1333 roku przeni\u00f3s\u0142 si\u0119 do rezydencji metropolity Teognostisa, kt\u00f3ry us\u0142ysza\u0142 o cnotliwym \u017cyciu i duchowo\u015bci \u015bwi\u0119tego Aleksego, i poprosi\u0142 go o obj\u0119cie administracji s\u0105d\u00f3w ko\u015bcielnych. Pe\u0142ni\u0142 t\u0119 funkcj\u0119 przez dwana\u015bcie lat.<\/p>\n

W 1340 roku Aleksy zosta\u0142 mianowany pomocnikiem metropolity we W\u0142odzimierzu, a dwana\u015bcie lat p\u00f3\u017aniej zosta\u0142 jego biskupem.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621” \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a (\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0648\u0631) \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627” \u0644\u0627\u064a\u06a4\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1354.<\/p>\n

Gdy Dymitr Do\u0144ski i W\u0142adimir \u015amia\u0142y byli m\u0142odymi lud\u017ami, Aleksy by\u0142 ich duchowym nauczycielem i jednocze\u015bnie opiekunem. Wspiera\u0142 Dymitra Do\u0144skiego w jego walce z Twerem i Ni\u017cnym Nowogrodem, poniewa\u017c chcia\u0142 zawiesi\u0107 nabo\u017ce\u0144stwa w ko\u015bcio\u0142ach i klasztorach, gdzie zako\u0144czy\u0142 si\u0119 konflikt polityczny.<\/p>\n

W 1360 roku Aleksy za\u0142o\u017cy\u0142 klasztory Szudowa, Andronikowa i Aleksiejewskiego. Kr\u00f3tko przed \u015bmierci\u0105 pr\u00f3bowa\u0142 przekona\u0107 Sergiusza z Radone\u017ca, aby zosta\u0142 jego nast\u0119pc\u0105.<\/p>\n

\u015awi\u0119ty Aleksy do\u017cy\u0142 siedemdziesi\u0119ciu o\u015bmiu lat, sp\u0119dziwszy 24 lata na stanowisku biskupim.<\/p>\n

Zmar\u0142 12 lutego 1378 roku i zgodnie ze swoj\u0105 wol\u0105 zosta\u0142 pochowany w klasztorze w Kledovie.<\/p>\n

Jego szcz\u0105tki zosta\u0142y cudownie odkryte pi\u0119\u0107dziesi\u0105t lat po \u015bmierci tego wielkiego przyw\u00f3dcy religijnego, po czym rozpocz\u0119to obchody ku czci tej postaci duchowej. .<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1448 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627” \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

Jego szcz\u0105tki z\u0142o\u017cono w za\u0142o\u017conym przez niego klasztorze w Kledowie, kt\u00f3ry zosta\u0142 zamkni\u0119ty przez komunist\u00f3w w 1918 roku, a nast\u0119pnie zniszczony w 1929 roku. Obecnie jego szcz\u0105tki znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 w Katedrze Bo\u017cego Objawienia.<\/p>\n

\u015awi\u0119to \u015bw. Aleksego obchodzone jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c 20 maja (dzie\u0144 odnalezienia jego relikwii) oraz 5 pa\u017adziernika (\u015bwi\u0119to wszystkich \u015bwi\u0119tych duchownych w Cerkwi rosyjskiej).<\/p>\n

T\u0142umaczenie z Orthodox Wiki<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( 1378- 1354 ) \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0623 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":2425,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1369,2643,1529,893,2579,764,644,1948,2750,1155,1021,2753","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\": \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( 1378- 1354 ) \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0623 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629: \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638, \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627, \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a, \u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641, \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/pl\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/st-alexis-metropolitan-of-moscow-and-wonderworker-of-all-russia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 - \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\" \/>\n<meta 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