{"id":861,"date":"2009-03-05T01:31:49","date_gmt":"2009-03-05T01:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/faith-and-theology\/the-human\/saint-mary-the-theotokos\/veneration-of-the-virgin-mary-church\/"},"modified":"2009-03-05T01:31:49","modified_gmt":"2009-03-05T01:31:49","slug":"veneration-of-the-virgin-mary-church","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/ro\/faith-and-theology\/the-human\/saint-mary-the-theotokos\/veneration-of-the-virgin-mary-church\/","title":{"rendered":"Biserica o cinste\u0219te pe Fecioara Maria"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fecioara Maria are un statut special printre to\u021bi sfin\u021bii, iar ortodoc\u0219ii o venereaz\u0103 ca fiind \u201emai onorabil\u0103 dec\u00e2t heruvimii \u0219i incomparabil mai glorioas\u0103 dec\u00e2t serafimii\u201d. \u00cen timp ce Maica Domnului este sl\u0103vit\u0103 \u0219i cinstit\u0103 \u00een acest fel, este important de re\u021binut c\u0103 Biserica Ortodox\u0103 nu cere niciodat\u0103 ca ea s\u0103 fie \u00eenchinat\u0103 a\u0219a cum ne \u00eenchin\u0103m noi lui Dumnezeu. Distinc\u021bia este foarte clar\u0103 \u00een expresia lingvistic\u0103 a teologiei grece\u0219ti: exist\u0103 un cuv\u00e2nt special dedicat \u00eenchin\u0103rii lui Dumnezeu (Latreia), \u00een timp ce exist\u0103 diferite expresii folosite \u00een cinstea Fecioarei: (Duleia, Hyperduleia, Proskynesis).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Maria este men\u021bionat\u0103 cel mai des atunci c\u00e2nd \u021bine slujbele liturgice ortodoxe \u0219i este de obicei numit\u0103 dup\u0103 titlul ei complet: (Preasf\u00e2nt\u0103, Preacurat\u0103, Prea Binecuv\u00e2ntat\u0103, Sl\u0103vit\u0103, Maica Domnului, Maica Domnului, Ve\u0219nic Fecioar\u0103, Maria). Este un titlu care include cele trei epitete principale pe care Biserica Ortodox\u0103 le dedic\u0103 Maicii Domnului: (Theotokos), (Etern\u0103 Feciorie) (Aeparthenos) \u0219i (Panagia). Primul dintre aceste titluri a fost acordat Fecioarei de c\u0103tre Sinodul al Treilea Ecumenic (Efeseni 431). \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te cel de-al doilea titlu, a fost afirmat de Sinodul al V-lea Ecumenic (Constantinopol 553) {La prima vedere, credin\u021ba \u00een fecioria perpetu\u0103 a Mariei pare s\u0103 fie \u00een conflict cu textul Bibliei, conform Evangheliei dup\u0103 Marcu (3:31). ), care men\u021bioneaz\u0103 sintagma (fra\u021bii) lui Isus. Dar cuv\u00e2ntul grecesc \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u0219i un frate de la unul dintre p\u0103rin\u021bi, un v\u0103r sau chiar o rud\u0103, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 adev\u0103ratul sens al lui (frate). \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te titlul (Toat\u0103 Sfin\u021bia), acesta nu a fost determinat din punct de vedere doctrinar, ci mai degrab\u0103 este acceptat \u0219i folosit de to\u021bi ortodoc\u0219ii.<\/p>\n

Numele \u201eMaica Domnului\u201d este de cea mai mare importan\u021b\u0103, deoarece este cheia cultului ortodox \u00eendreptat c\u0103tre Fecioara. O cinstim pe Maria pentru c\u0103 este mama Dumnezeului nostru. Nu o onor\u0103m separat de el, ci datorit\u0103 rela\u021biei ei cu Hristos. Astfel, cinstea care i se d\u0103 Mariei nu \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 cu nimic \u00eenchinarea lui Dumnezeu, ci dimpotriv\u0103. Cu c\u00e2t o apreciem mai mult pe Maria, cu at\u00e2t \u0219tim mai mult despre m\u0103re\u021bia Fiului ei, pentru c\u0103 \u00een cinstea Fiului botez\u0103m \u00een cinstirea Mamei.<\/p>\n

O cinstim pe mama pentru fiul ei. \u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tura ortodox\u0103 cu privire la Maica Domnului provine din \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tura ei despre Hristos. C\u00e2nd P\u0103rin\u021bii Sinodului de la Efes au subliniat numirea Mariei Maica Domnului, aceasta nu a fost cu inten\u021bia de a o sl\u0103vi, ci mai degrab\u0103 pentru a p\u0103stra adev\u0103rata doctrin\u0103 legat\u0103 de persoana lui Hristos. Cine se g\u00e2nde\u0219te la toate implica\u021biile acestei fraze de baz\u0103: (\u0218i Cuv\u00e2ntul S-a f\u0103cut trup), trebuie s\u0103 se \u00eenchine cu respect \u00een fa\u021ba celui care a fost ales s\u0103 fie un instrument al acestui mare mister. Iar cei care refuz\u0103 s\u0103 o cinsteasc\u0103 pe Maria sunt aceia\u0219i care nu cred cu adev\u0103rat \u00een \u00centrupare.<\/p>\n

Dar ortodoc\u0219ii o cinstesc pe Maria nu numai pentru c\u0103 este Maica Domnului, ci \u0219i pentru c\u0103 este \u201etoat\u0103 sfin\u021benia\u201d. Dintre toate creaturile lui Dumnezeu, ea este cel mai \u00eenalt exemplu al sinergiei dintre asigurarea lui Dumnezeu \u0219i libertatea omului. Dumnezeu, care respect\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna libertatea omului, nu a vrut ca acesta s\u0103 se \u00eencarneze f\u0103r\u0103 consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul liber al mamei sale. El a a\u0219teptat r\u0103spunsul ei spontan: \u201eIat\u0103, eu sunt roaba Domnului, s\u0103 se fac\u0103 mie dup\u0103 cuv\u00e2ntul t\u0103u\u201d (Luca 1:38). Ar fi putut refuza. Nu numai c\u0103 a fost indiferent\u0103, dar a participat de bun\u0103voie la misterul \u00eentrup\u0103rii. Dup\u0103 cum a spus Nicholas Capsilas: (\u00centruparea nu a fost doar actul Tat\u0103lui, puterea Lui \u0219i Duhul S\u0103u... ci a fost \u0219i actul voin\u021bei \u0219i credin\u021bei Fecioarei... \u0218i a\u0219a cum Dumnezeu s-a \u00eentrupat din Voin\u021ba Sa, a\u0219a c\u0103 a voit ca mama Sa s\u0103-L conceap\u0103 cu deplina libertate \u0219i consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul ei) {Despre Buna Vestire, 4-5}.<\/p>\n

La fel cum Hristos este noul Adam, Maria este noua Eva, cea a c\u0103rei ascultare de voia lui Dumnezeu a creat un echilibru cu neascultarea Evei \u00een Paradis. (Astfel, ceea ce a fost complicat de neascultarea Evei a fost dezlegat de ascultarea Mariei. \u0218i ceea ce Fecioara Eva a legat \u00een necredin\u021ba ei, Fecioara Maria a dezlegat \u00een credin\u021ba ei) {Ireneu, (\u00cempotriva ereziilor), 3, 22, 4}. (Moartea este prin Eva \u0219i via\u021ba prin Maria) {Ireneu, epistola lui 22, 21}.<\/p>\n

Biserica Ortodox\u0103 o nume\u0219te pe Maria \u201eatotsf\u00e2nt\u0103\u201d, a\u0219a cum o nume\u0219te \u201ecurat\u0103\u201d, care este \u201eimaculat\u0103\u201d. To\u021bi ortodoc\u0219ii cred c\u0103 ea nu a comis niciodat\u0103 niciun p\u0103cat real. Dar ai fost \u0219i tu eliberat de p\u0103catul originar? Cu alte cuvinte, este Ortodoxia de acord cu doctrina catolic\u0103 proclamat\u0103 de Papa Pius Biserica Ortodox\u0103 nu a emis niciodat\u0103 o declara\u021bie oficial\u0103 pe acest subiect. Dar din anul 1854, majoritatea ortodoc\u0219ilor au respins aceast\u0103 nou\u0103 doctrin\u0103 din mai multe motive: pare inutil\u0103 \u0219i, a\u0219a cum au definit-o catolicii, include o interpretare gre\u0219it\u0103 a p\u0103catului originar \u0219i este, de asemenea, un motiv de \u00eendoial\u0103, deoarece favorizeaz\u0103 Maria peste descenden\u021bii lui Adam, a\u0219ez\u00e2nd-o separat de to\u021bi ceilal\u021bi b\u0103rba\u021bi \u0219i femei drep\u021bi din Vechiul Testament.<\/p>\n

Dar Ortodoxia, care respinge doctrina Imaculatei Z\u0103misliri, crede cu fermitate \u00een asumarea trupeasc\u0103 a Fecioarei. Maica Domnului, ca toate celelalte fiin\u021be umane, a cunoscut moartea natural\u0103, dar \u00eenvierea trupului ei a avut loc \u00eenaintea tuturor. Prin urmare, ea a dep\u0103\u0219it moartea \u0219i judecata \u0219i tr\u0103ie\u0219te de acum \u00eenainte \u00een veacul viitor. Dar nu este complet separat\u0103 de umanitate, pentru c\u0103 sper\u0103m s\u0103 ne \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219im \u00eentr-o zi de gloria trupului de care se bucur\u0103 deja.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 credin\u021b\u0103 \u00een Adormirea Maicii Domnului este exprimat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 ambiguitate \u00een piesele pe care Biserica le c\u00e2nt\u0103 la 15 august, s\u0103rb\u0103toarea Adormirii Maicii Domnului. Dar Ortodoxia, spre deosebire de Biserica Roman\u0103, nu a recurs la declararea doctrinei Adormirii trupe\u0219ti a Fecioarei \u0219i nu inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 niciodat\u0103 s\u0103 fac\u0103 acest lucru. Doctrinele Treimii \u0219i \u00centrup\u0103rii au fost declarate ca doctrine, deoarece sunt legate de propov\u0103duirea Bisericii, dar sl\u0103virea Fecioarei este considerat\u0103 parte a tradi\u021biei interne a Bisericii: (Este greu de vorbit \u0219i chiar mai greu de g\u00e2ndit la tainele pe care Biserica le p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u00een ad\u00e2ncul ascuns al con\u015ftiin\u0163ei ei interioare... iar Maica Domnului nu a fost niciodat\u0103 subiectul propov\u0103duirii apostolice \u00cen timp ce Hristos a fost propov\u0103duit pe acoperi\u015furi \u015fi proclamat mai presus de to\u0163i martorii prin a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103tur\u0103 religioas\u0103 unificat\u0103 pentru \u00eentregul univers. Taina Maicii Domnului a fost descoperit\u0103 doar celor din cadrul Bisericii... Este mai mult dec\u00e2t o etap\u0103 de credin\u021b\u0103, este temelia n\u0103dejdii noastre, rodul credin\u021bei care s-a maturizat din tradi\u021bie, a\u0219adar, s\u0103 t\u0103cem \u0219i nu mai introduce\u021bi gloria transcendent\u0103 a Maicii Domnului \u00een sfera doctrinei) {Vladimir Lossky, (Panagia), \u00een carte (Mama lui Dumnezeu), Publica\u021bii Mascall, p. 35}.<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:  \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629
Capitolul trei: Biserica lui Dumnezeu
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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":3449,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1097,865,1155,552,1305,2566,862,2116,1184,2579,1171,654","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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