{"id":628,"date":"2009-02-23T19:41:42","date_gmt":"2009-02-23T19:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/church-history\/church-history-to-fourth-century\/2nd-and-3th-council-of-antioch\/"},"modified":"2009-02-23T19:41:42","modified_gmt":"2009-02-23T19:41:42","slug":"2nd-and-3th-council-of-antioch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/tr\/church-history\/church-history-to-fourth-century\/2nd-and-3th-council-of-antioch\/","title":{"rendered":"Antakya&#039;n\u0131n \u0130kinci ve \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Konsilleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Piskoposlar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi:<\/strong><\/span> B\u00f6ylece Antakya b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc ve \u00e7atlak geni\u015fledi, bu nedenle kom\u015fu kiliselerin piskoposlar\u0131 m\u00fcdahale etti. Tart\u0131\u015fma Antakya&#039;da yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131rken, Tarsus Piskoposu Alinus, konuyu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmek \u00fczere Antakya Kilisesi&#039;ndeki piskopos arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 Antakya&#039;daki bir toplant\u0131ya davet etti. piskoposunun. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu davete yan\u0131t verdi ve bunlar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fcleri, Eusebius&#039;un dedi\u011fi gibi, Kapadokya&#039;daki Kayserya piskoposu Vermilian, Punt&#039;taki Yeni Kayserya piskoposu - Punt&#039;tan \u0130znik Konsili&#039;ne kadar Antakya&#039;ya ait olan - Harikalar \u0130\u015f\u00e7isi Gregory ve onunkilerdi. karde\u015f Athenodorus, Iconium piskoposu Nicomaeus, Kud\u00fcs piskoposu Hymenaeus, Filistin&#039;deki Caesarea piskoposu Theoticanus ve Busra piskoposu Maximus. Horan. Bilgeli\u011fi, bilgisi ve savunmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u0130skenderiye Piskoposu Dionysius&#039;a davet g\u00f6nderdiler. Toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lmak istedi ama ya\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00f6z\u00fcr diledi. Bunun \u00fczerine \u0130skenderiye papaz\u0131 Eusebius, Pavlus meselesiyle ilgili mesaj\u0131n\u0131 kendilerine iletmek \u00fczere onlar\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi. Bu diyakoz, ger\u00e7ek inanca ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve inanc\u0131n safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 fedakarl\u0131klarla biliniyordu.<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paul&#039;un sapk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/span><\/strong> Kilise alimleri, Babalar\u0131n - \u00f6zellikle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda - Kutsal Teslis&#039;e olan ilgisinden - \u00f6vg\u00fc O&#039;na olsun - ve Tevrat&#039;taki Tanr\u0131&#039;n\u0131n birli\u011fi ile \u0130ncil&#039;deki Mesih&#039;in tanr\u0131sall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 uzla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131ndan bahseder. Bu anla\u015fmada farkl\u0131 davrand\u0131lar. Daha sonra Theodotos ve Artamon&#039;un ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 Evlatl\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k fikrinden ve 2. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Praxias&#039;\u0131n, ard\u0131ndan 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Spelius&#039;un savundu\u011fu Monar\u015fizm fikrinden bahsederler ve bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n tarihte okudu\u011fu Eusebius hakk\u0131nda toplanan piskoposlar\u0131n Pavlus&#039;u Artamonizm&#039;le su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Aziz Hilarius ve Basil&#039;in s\u00f6zlerinde, Pavlus&#039;un, Mesih&#039;in Baba ile ili\u015fkisini ifade etmek i\u00e7in Yunanca Homoousios s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmas\u0131na bir itiraz buluyorlar. Akademisyenler, Pavlus&#039;un Tanr\u0131&#039;n\u0131n tek bir hipostaz oldu\u011funu ve Tanr\u0131&#039;n\u0131n Mesih&#039;i kendisine ait olarak benimsedi\u011fini iddia etti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u0130kinci Antakya \u00e7o\u011fulu:<\/strong><\/span> (264) Konsil oturumlar\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00f6nce de belirtti\u011fimiz gibi Antakya&#039;da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu konuda pek \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fma ya\u015fand\u0131. Paulistler sapk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gizlediler. Hahamlar bunu a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ama ba\u015faramad\u0131lar ve \u0130skenderiyeli Dionysius Rab&#039;be g\u00fcvendi, bu y\u00fczden aralar\u0131nda onun kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip kimse olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hahamlar\u0131n deste\u011fini kaybettiler. Zeynep h\u00e2l\u00e2 ayn\u0131 pozisyondayd\u0131 ve gururunun ve \u015ferefinin zirvesindeydi. Pavlus Roma&#039;n\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131n\u0131 destekledi. Pavlus yeni bir s\u00f6z s\u00f6yledi\u011fini ve do\u011fru inanca geri d\u00f6nece\u011fine dair kendi kendine yemin etti\u011fini itiraf etti.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Antakya Konseyi:<\/strong><\/span> (268) Pavlus kendisine verdi\u011fi s\u00f6zleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederek eski hayat\u0131na geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Piskoposlar ona mektup yazarak te\u015fvik ve uyar\u0131larda bulundular ama i\u015fe yaramad\u0131. Gerekli tedbirleri almak \u00fczere Antakya&#039;ya d\u00f6nmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. Linus, 268 y\u0131l\u0131nda Antakya&#039;daki bir toplant\u0131ya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kez \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu ve do\u011fu ba\u015fkentine \u00e7ok say\u0131da piskopos kat\u0131ld\u0131. Say\u0131lar\u0131 seksen yediye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Harikalar \u0130\u015f\u00e7isi Gregory&#039;nin yeri bo\u015fald\u0131. Vermilian Antakya&#039;ya giderken ondan sonra \u00f6ld\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece toplananlar aras\u0131nda Elinus ilk s\u0131ray\u0131 ald\u0131, ard\u0131ndan Hymenaeus, ard\u0131ndan Theoticanus, Cossimus, Nicomas, Iconium Piskoposu, Theophilus, Tire Piskoposu, Proclus, Nicomas, Janus, Paul, Polatus, Protogenes, Hierax, Eutychios, Theodorus, Melchion geldi. ve Lucius. Geriye kalan piskoposlar\u0131n isimleri kaynaklarda belirtilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Piskoposlar, belagat ve zeka a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Pavlus&#039;a yeti\u015femeyeceklerinden korkuyorlard\u0131. Anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n konusunu -di\u011ferlerinin de benzer durumlarda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi- Melkitlere emanet ettiler. Tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yaz\u0131ya d\u00f6kmek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 yazar getirdiler. Melkitler Pavlus&#039;un \u00f6\u011fretisini tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve Melkitler onun fikrini do\u011frulad\u0131lar, b\u00f6ylece Pavlus&#039;un sapk\u0131nl\u0131\u011fa d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p>Konsey, Pavlus&#039;u k\u0131nad\u0131 ve onu sapk\u0131n olarak damgalad\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, &quot;Tanr\u0131&#039;n\u0131n O\u011flu&#039;nun g\u00f6kten inip beden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131 ve \u0130sa Mesih&#039;in bir insan ve insan oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.&quot; Konsey, Pavlus&#039;un paraya, prestije ve prestije olan sevgisindeki anormalli\u011fi do\u011frulad\u0131. Konsey ayr\u0131ca onun kad\u0131nlarla birlikte ya\u015fama ve baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n kilisede onun \u00f6vg\u00fclerini ve \u00f6vg\u00fclerini s\u00f6ylemesine izin verme giri\u015fimlerini de k\u0131nad\u0131. Konsey ayr\u0131ca Kilisenin birli\u011fini hisseden ve kendisini onun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6renler i\u00e7in reformun m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu belirtti. Ama dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gizemiyle alay eden ki\u015fi - 1Ti 3:16 Ve oybirli\u011fiyle dindarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n gizeminin b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011funu kabul etti: Tanr\u0131 bedende ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Artamon&#039;un koku\u015fmu\u015f sapk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla gurur duyuyor, onu sorumlu tutman\u0131n bir anlam\u0131 yok.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Antakya Konseyi, Pavlus&#039;u g\u00f6revden ald\u0131 ve Paul&#039;un selefi Demetrius&#039;un o\u011flu Domnus&#039;u Antakya piskoposu olarak se\u00e7ti. Roma Piskoposu Dionysius&#039;a, Maximus&#039;a, \u0130skenderiye Piskoposu&#039;na ve t\u00fcm karde\u015f piskoposlara, rahiplere ve diyakozlara ve t\u00fcm Evrensel Kilise&#039;ye bir mektup yazd\u0131. Onlar da Domnus&#039;a Antakya&#039;daki liderli\u011fini kabul eden bir mektup yazs\u0131nlar.<br \/>Daha sonraki kaynaklarda \u0130skenderiyeli Maximus ve Dionysius&#039;un Romal\u0131 halefi Piskopos Felix&#039;in 269 y\u0131l\u0131nda Domnus&#039;la temasa ge\u00e7erek onun ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, ancak \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcrmedi\u011fi ve Timaeus&#039;un Aurelianus&#039;un saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131nda onun yerine ge\u00e7ti\u011fi belirtilmektedir. 270-271.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Pavlus&#039;un itaatsizli\u011fi:<\/strong><\/span> Ancak Domnus&#039;un liderli\u011fini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 evrensel kilisenin tan\u0131nmas\u0131 nedeniyle Pavlus Kutsal Konsil&#039;e itaat etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131 ve kendisini Antakya Kilisesi&#039;nin ba\u015f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmeye devam etti. Takip\u00e7ileri bu konuda ona itaat etti ve iktidardaki kad\u0131n Zeyneb de onu destekledi, b\u00f6ylece emirleri ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini korudu. \u0130nanl\u0131lar\u0131n kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylerin \u00e7o\u011fu, onlar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda inan\u00e7 ve sayg\u0131yla topland\u0131klar\u0131 ve evrensel Kilise&#039;nin di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00fcyeleri gibi rit\u00fcelleri uygulad\u0131klar\u0131, sa\u011flam ve dindar bir imana sahip bir piskoposun olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak Palmiral\u0131 yetkililer onlar\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131. Toplant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu gizlice ve baz\u0131 unutulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kiliselerde yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Paul&#039;un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong><\/span> 268 y\u0131l\u0131nda Gallianus, Oriolus&#039;a kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ancak askerlerin sadakati Claudius II&#039;yeydi. B\u00f6ylece Galianus \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra vebadan \u00f6ld\u00fc, b\u00f6ylece Aurelianus onun yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>270&#039;lerin sonu ve 271&#039;lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Zainab Zabada, kuvvetlerinin komutan\u0131n\u0131 onu yakalamak i\u00e7in M\u0131s\u0131r&#039;a g\u00f6nderdi. M\u0131s\u0131r&#039;\u0131n Romal\u0131 valisi Probus, Libya ve Kartaca&#039;daki baz\u0131 itaatsiz insanlar\u0131 disipline etmek ve Tak\u0131madalar Denizi&#039;ni temizlemek i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Gotlar bunu yapt\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131r&#039;\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi, orada bir garnizon b\u0131rakt\u0131 ve Suriye&#039;ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Probus, Zabada&#039;n\u0131n onu terk etmesinden sonra M\u0131s\u0131r&#039;a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Palmira garnizonu ve onu destekleyen M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131larla sava\u015ft\u0131 ve bir sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 olarak \u00f6ld\u00fc. Burada Zainab Romanlara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa girdi.<\/p>\n<p>Zeyneb, ordusunu Toroslar \u00fczerinden K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya&#039;ya g\u00f6ndererek Ankara&#039;y\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan Bithynia&#039;y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmi\u015fti. Ordunun \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc Kad\u0131k\u00f6y&#039;e geldi. O s\u0131ralarda Aurelianus, Kad\u0131k\u00f6y&#039;deki Roma taht\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Kad\u0131k\u00f6yl\u00fcler Palmiral\u0131lara direndi.<\/p>\n<p>271 yaz\u0131nda Aurelianus \u0130talya&#039;dan Balkanlar&#039;a, ard\u0131ndan da K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya&#039;ya gitti. Zainab&#039;\u0131n ordusu kuzey Suriye&#039;ye \u00e7ekildi ve Antakya&#039;da direndi. Aurelianus Antakya&#039;ya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir hileye ba\u015fvurdu ve bunun sonucunda Tadmuryal\u0131lar\u0131 ma\u011flup etti, bu da Baddah&#039;\u0131n Antakya&#039;dan Zainab&#039;\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Humus&#039;a ka\u00e7mas\u0131na neden oldu ve Zainab&#039;a sad\u0131k baz\u0131 Antakyal\u0131lar onunla birlikte ka\u00e7t\u0131. Aurelianus onu Humus&#039;a kadar takip etti, orada onunla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve onu ma\u011flup etti. Zainab Palmira&#039;ya \u00e7ekildi. Aurelianus onu takip etti ve bir hafta sonra Palmira&#039;ya ula\u015fana kadar Bedevileri \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Palmira ku\u015fatmas\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Zainab, Sasani Ba\u015fabur&#039;dan yard\u0131m istedi ve o da ona yard\u0131m etti, ancak Aurelianus bu kurtarmay\u0131 Palmira&#039;ya ula\u015fmadan ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131. Zeyneb sakland\u0131 ve F\u0131rat&#039;tan yard\u0131m istemeye gitti. Ancak Romal\u0131lar onu F\u0131rat Nehri&#039;nde yakalad\u0131lar ve Aurelianus&#039;un kamp\u0131na geri g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Zaferle Palmira&#039;ya girdi. Zainab&#039;\u0131, o\u011flu ve dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Longinus&#039;u da pe\u015finden s\u00fcr\u00fckledi. \u0130kincisi Humus&#039;ta yarg\u0131land\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi emredildi.<\/p>\n<p>Palmyria y\u00f6netiminin sona ermesiyle birlikte Samesatal\u0131 Pavlus&#039;un etkisi ortadan kalkt\u0131 ve Timaeus ile imanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun etkisi g\u00fc\u00e7lendi. Piskopos Timaeus, imparatora, Pavlus&#039;un piskoposluk h\u00fccresinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve h\u00fccreden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir talepte bulundu. H\u00fccrenin, \u0130talya ve Roma kentindeki H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131n\u0131n piskoposlar\u0131yla yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 olan ki\u015filere verilmesini emretti.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paul&#039;un ifade verdikten sonraki ak\u0131betine gelince, bu konuda hi\u00e7bir \u015fey bilmiyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=38;category-orthodox-church-history-fourth-century&amp;id=125;paul-asameesati-bishop-of-antioch\">Samisati&#039;li Paul, Antakya Piskoposu<\/a>&nbsp;<<\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629: \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0633 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