{"id":511,"date":"2009-02-20T01:56:46","date_gmt":"2009-02-20T01:56:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/orthodox-library\/biblical-studies-orthodox-library\/history-of-new-testament-canon-v15-39\/"},"modified":"2009-02-20T01:56:46","modified_gmt":"2009-02-20T01:56:46","slug":"history-of-new-testament-canon-v15-39","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/da\/orthodox-library\/orthodox-biblical-studies\/history-of-new-testament-canon-v15-39\/","title":{"rendered":"Historien om Det Nye Testamentes kanon"},"content":{"rendered":"

introduktionen<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

Kristi ord er lys og liv, et lys for vores sind, der skinner p\u00e5 os, der sidder i m\u00f8rket og d\u00f8dens skygge. Det er liv i vores hjerter, der er tr\u00e6tte af denne verdens opgaver og t\u00f8rster efter liv og k\u00e6rlighed. Mange smukke, v\u00e6rdifulde b\u00f8ger, rige p\u00e5 ideer, er blevet udgivet og udgives hver dag. Men livets bog er \u00e9n. Fra ham er kilden til ud\u00f8delig liv, der udg\u00e5r fra et hjerte i hjertet af enhver troende. Den trofaste "Hellige Bibel". Derfor er det bydende n\u00f8dvendigt, at Det Nye Testamente og Kirken giver bogen fuld \u00e6re. Der er mange m\u00e5der at \u00e6re ham p\u00e5. I kirken g\u00e5r vi rundt om bogen, br\u00e6nder den, r\u00f8gelser den, kysser den og ser p\u00e5 den. Bibelen sidder i midten af bordet i templet i vores kirker.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Og alt dette er alt sammen \u00e6re, fordi det efter vores mening er helligt og inspireret, if\u00f8lge apostlen Paulus' ord: "Skriften er inspireret af Gud og nyttig til undervisning..." (2 Tim 3:16) ). Vi tror, at Bibelen er hellig, fordi det er Hellig\u00e5nden, der inspirerede dem, der skrev den, og som med sin hellige salvelse ogs\u00e5 vil inspirere dem, der l\u00e6ser og tolker den.<\/p>\n

De hellige f\u00e6dre var de bedste vogtere af den apostoliske tillid, da b\u00f8gerne blev talrige og mangfoldige, plejede de at definere de s\u00e5kaldte kanoniske b\u00f8ger, som er de b\u00f8ger, som kirken accepterede, fordi de var inspireret af Gud. Denne proces tog historiske udviklingsstadier, der strakte sig i l\u00f8bet af de f\u00f8rste fire \u00e5rhundreder af kristendommen. Efterf\u00f8lgende forskning f\u00f8lger disse historiske stadier i dannelsen af kanonen for Det Nye Testamente b\u00f8ger, idet jeg stoler p\u00e5, hvad jeg var i stand til at opn\u00e5 fra overs\u00e6ttelsen i professor John Krafidopoulos bog (Introduktion til Det Nye Testamente). Henter uundv\u00e6rlig hj\u00e6lp fra Fathers of Be Waiting - vores taleb\u00f8ger - for at jeg kan pr\u00e6sentere en ydmyg unders\u00f8gelse for at opn\u00e5 medlemskab i ortodokse s\u00f8ndagsskoler.<\/p>\n

Det Gamle Testamente som en "bog" for den tidlige kirke:<\/p>\n

F\u00f8r vi ser de stadier, der gik gennem procedurerne for at samle de "27 b\u00f8ger" i Det Nye Testamente i \u00e9n krop og g\u00f8re den kendt for kirken som en "hellig bog", det vil sige historien om Det Nye Testamentes kanon, vi skal f\u00f8rst besvare f\u00f8lgende sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l: Hvilken bog var den tidlige kirke?<\/p>\n

I b\u00f8gerne i Det Nye Testamente st\u00f8der vi normalt p\u00e5 s\u00e6tningerne: "Skriften, siger Skriften, som er skrevet, if\u00f8lge Skriften ... osv. Og lige s\u00e5 meget som Kristus selv n\u00e6vner disse s\u00e6tninger, s\u00e5 g\u00f8r bogen det." af den tidlige kirke, som er Det Gamle Testamente, ogs\u00e5 kaldet "Loven og Profeterne". Kristus viser sit syn p\u00e5 Det Gamle Testamente som en vision og forudg\u00e5ende planl\u00e6gning af hele sit liv, arbejde, d\u00f8d og opstandelse, og selvf\u00f8lgelig sammenfatter han sit budskab om Det Gamle Testamente med sin udtalelse i Bjergpr\u00e6dikenen: \u201dG\u00f8r ikke tro, at jeg er kommet for at oph\u00e6ve loven eller profeterne, jeg er ikke kommet for at oph\u00e6ve, men for at opfylde\u00ab (Matt 5:17). Apostlene baserede derefter deres forkyndelse p\u00e5 Det Gamle Testamente og erkl\u00e6rede i alle retninger troen p\u00e5, at i Jesu Kristi person blev alle profetier opfyldt. Ligeledes fortolkede f\u00e6drene og kirkens salmeforfattere Det Gamle Testamente med kristologiske begreber.<\/p>\n

Begyndelsen af Det Nye Testamente som en "bog":<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ligesom Herrens ord tog skriftlig form i de fire evangelier, blev det ogs\u00e5 leveret mundtligt parallelt som en "tradition", og dette ord indtog en position af sikkerhed og gyldighed prim\u00e6rt i de kristnes samvittighed.<\/p>\n

Apostlen Paulus underst\u00f8tter altid sine udtalelser i sine breve med sandheden og kraften i Herrens ord: "For vi fort\u00e6ller jer dette ved Herrens ord" (Thessalonikerbrevet 4:15), "Jeg befaler jer, ikke jeg, men Herren" (Kolossenserne 7:10), "Dette er Herrens befaling, at de, der forkynder evangeliet, skal efterleve evangeliet" (Kolossenserne 9:14), "For jeg har modtaget fra Herren, hvad jeg har givet jer" (1 Korintherbrev 11:23): "I alt viste jeg jer, at s\u00e5dan skulle det v\u00e6re." I arbejder og arbejder frem for de svage, idet I husker Herren Jesu ord\u00ab (ApG 20:35).<\/p>\n

Efter apostlenes eksempel betragtede de apostoliske f\u00e6dre Det Gamle Testamente og Herrens ord som sandheder, som de kun besad. Af disse ting udledes det, at Kirkens levende tradition i begyndelsen spillede en prim\u00e6r rolle i udbredelsen af den kristne sandhed.<\/p>\n

Papias, biskop af Ierapolis Phrygia, i begyndelsen af det andet \u00e5rhundrede, selvom han kendte de skrevne evangelier, stolede han mere p\u00e5 levende traditioner end p\u00e5 dem t\u00f8v ikke med at forel\u00e6gge dig min fortolkning.\u201d Alt, hvad jeg omhyggeligt l\u00e6rte af sheikerne <\/a>(1) \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647………. \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u00bb <\/a>(2).<\/p>\n

B\u00f8gerne, der udgjorde Det Nye Testamente, var den skrevne del af den kristne sandhed, der blev leveret mundtligt, men selv disse b\u00f8ger var ikke kendt i den tid som Hellig Skrift, men de blev accepteret i de kristnes samvittighed p\u00e5 grund af deres apostoliske kilde og deres harmoni med den sandhed, som Kirken besad som en levende tradition "fra begyndelsen, \u00f8jenvidner og tjenere."<\/p>\n

De f\u00f8rste grupper af b\u00f8ger i Det Nye Testamente:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Efter alt det, der tidligere blev n\u00e6vnt om de apostoliske f\u00e6dres citater af Herren, opst\u00e5r sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let for os, om det er muligt at have mere specifikke skriftlige samlinger af Det Nye Testamentes b\u00f8ger inden for Kirken, hvis svaret er positivt. hvorn\u00e5r blev disse f\u00f8rste samlinger til?<\/p>\n

Vi har klare vidnesbyrd om en f\u00f8rste samling i \u00e5r 140 e.Kr. af Marcio N. ateisten i Rom.<\/p>\n

Dette er s\u00f8n af en biskop i SINWPH TOU POUNTOU, som s\u00f8gte tilflugt i Rom og grundlagde sin egen kirke og skrev en kanon best\u00e5ende af evangeliet og brevet Apostlen Paulus og derfor havde Paulinske l\u00e6re) og ti breve fra Paulus i r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lge:<\/p>\n

(Gal, 1+2 Kor, Rom, 1+2 Thessaloniker, Laodikeere - s\u00e5dan kaldte han Efesos -, Co, Fil, Vi) Fra Lukasevangeliet skar Marcion det, der ikke var i overensstemmelse med hans l\u00e6re.<\/p>\n

Men var Marcion den f\u00f8rste til at bidrage til ideen om at samle Det Nye Testamentes b\u00f8ger i \u00e9n krop? Der er specifikke indikationer, der peger p\u00e5 ideen om, at en samling af apostlen Paulus' breve fandt sted f\u00f8r Marcion, som er f\u00f8lgende:<\/p>\n

- Peters andet universelle brev - for at tage udgangspunkt i de nytestamentlige tekster selv - for s\u00e5 vidt som han skriver om apostlen Paulus, "ligesom ogs\u00e5 vores elskede bror Paulus skrev til os efter det ord, der er givet ham, som i alle brevene taler om disse sager\u201d (2 Peter 3:15-16). Vi kan antage, at kristne l\u00e6sere ville have kendt disse breve grupperet p\u00e5 denne m\u00e5de.<\/p>\n

- Ligeledes Ignatius af Antiokia <\/a>(3) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u00bb \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639 \u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 (\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0633 “12: 2″\u060c “18: 1-1″\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 “5: 1″\u060c “9: 1″\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 “1: 1″\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 “1: 1″…\u0625\u0644\u062e).<\/p>\n

-Det g\u00f8r Polycarp ogs\u00e5 <\/a>(4) \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 (1: 3)\u060c (3: 3)\u060c (4: 1)\u060c (5: 3)\u060c (6: 2)\u060c (12: 1) \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (4: 26).<\/p>\n

\u2013 Justinus <\/a>(5) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 (\u0631\u0648\u060c 1\u0643\u0648\u060c \u063a\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0648\u060c 2\u062a\u0633\u060c \u062a\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628).<\/p>\n

Baseret p\u00e5 de tidligere beviser kan vi sige, at en samling af St. Pauls breve blev fundet i et legeme i slutningen af det f\u00f8rste \u00e5rhundrede og begyndelsen af det andet \u00e5rhundrede, og det sted, hvor brevene blev indsamlet, kunne v\u00e6re. Korinth <\/a>(6) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0633<\/a> (7).<\/p>\n

Kan det samme siges om de fire evangelier?<\/p>\n

- F\u00f8r midten af det andet \u00e5rhundrede blev evangelierne ikke anerkendt som en hellig bog. I de apostoliske f\u00e6dres tekster bem\u00e6rker vi meget f\u00e5 af Herrens ord, der pr\u00e6senteres som hellige b\u00f8ger.<\/p>\n

Selvf\u00f8lgelig finder vi i det ordet (Euaggelios evangelium) i ental, men dette udtryk refererer ikke til den eller de b\u00f8ger, det indeholder, men henviser derimod til kirkens forkyndelse om Kristus.<\/p>\n

I midten af det andet \u00e5rhundrede n\u00e6vner Justin ordet (Euaggelios evangelium) i flertalstilf\u00e6ldet, som han beskriver som "apostlenes erindringer." Han fort\u00e6ller os, at de blev l\u00e6st p\u00e5 kristne gudstjenestem\u00f8der sammen med profeternes skrifter "Apostlene skabte erindringer, der blev kaldt evangelierne."<\/p>\n

- S\u00e5 i anden halvdel af det andet \u00e5rhundrede er det muligt at tale om en samling indeholdende de fire evangelier, som det vil blive tydeligt nedenfor takket v\u00e6re de oplysninger, vi modtog fra Iren\u00e6us.<\/a> (8) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f……… \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

Slutningen af det andet \u00e5rhundrede, en vigtig station i retshistorien:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Perioden i midten og slutningen af det andet \u00e5rhundrede var afg\u00f8rende, som Efesus n\u00e6vner <\/a>(9) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00bb <\/a>(10) \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/a>(11)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00bb \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 192\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0629 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0630\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 ” \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u00bb <\/a>(12) \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n

I slutningen af det andet \u00e5rhundrede bruger Iren\u00e6us, biskop af Loghonno (i dag Lyon), b\u00f8gerne i Det Nye Testamente i sin kamp mod gnostikerne. <\/a>(13) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 ) 1075 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 (\u0641\u0644\u060c 2 \u0628\u0637\u060c 3 \u064a\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0647 ) \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 ( 9-8\u060c 11 )\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 ( 1\u0628\u0637\u060c 1+2 \u064a\u0648) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0633\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n

I samme tidsalder n\u00e6vnes Clement og Saint of Alexandria <\/a>(14) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627 <\/a>(15)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c 1 + 2 \u064a\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627 (93\u060c 13 ).<\/p>\n

Muratoris lov:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

I \u00e5r 1740 fandt en munk ved navn Muratori en vigtig tekst om lovens tilstand i det andet \u00e5rhundrede. Den best\u00e5r af uddrag fra et manuskript i Ambrosiani-biblioteket i Milano teksten g\u00e5r tilbage til omkring \u00e5r 200 e.Kr. Den er h\u00f8jst sandsynligt skrevet i Romerkirken. Denne tekst udtrykker ideerne om en kirke som helhed, ikke ideerne om en individuel person. Denne kanon n\u00e6vner 23 b\u00f8ger i Det Nye Testamente med korte oplysninger (poster). Dets latin er sv\u00e6rt at forst\u00e5, hvilket f\u00e5r os til at antage, at det er d\u00e5rligt oversat fra det originale gr\u00e6sk.<\/p>\n

De b\u00f8ger, der er fastsat og opregnet i Muratori-koden er: de 4 evangelier, hvoraf det n\u00e6vnes, at det fjerde evangelium kom fra Kristi discipel Johannes, Apostlenes Gerninger, som kom fra evangelisten Lukas, de tretten breve fra Paulus med indledningen til det f\u00f8rste brev til Korintherbrevet (1 + 2 Korintherbrev, Eph. Co, Gal, 1 + 2 Thessalonicensk, Ro, Phil, Ti, 1 + 2 Ti), og bem\u00e6rker, at ligesom Johannes skrev til de syv menigheder (\u00c5b. 2- 3), s\u00e5 ogs\u00e5 Paulus til Korinterbrev, Efeserbrev, Filipperbrev, Kolosserbrev, Galaterbrev, Thessalonikerbrev og Romerbrev samt Filemon og Timoteus og de 3 kirkelige breve (1 + 2 Johannes, Jud\u00e6a), Johannes' \u00e5benbaring og Peters \u00e5benbaring, og det bem\u00e6rkes, at mange gjorde det. ikke \u00f8nsker, at det skal l\u00e6ses i kirken. Hebr\u00e6erbrevet er frav\u00e6rende, og indtil slutningen af det fjerde \u00e5rhundrede var det ikke inkluderet blandt de kanoniske b\u00f8ger i Vesten. Frav\u00e6ret af det f\u00f8rste Petersbrev fra kanonen er ogs\u00e5 uforklarligt, selvom det blev betragtet som kanonisk af Iren\u00e6us, Tertullian. <\/a>(16)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n

Vi kan kort sige, at i l\u00f8bet af slutningen af det andet \u00e5rhundrede blev de fleste af de 27 b\u00f8ger i Det Nye Testamente betragtet som kanoniske, det vil sige: de fire evangelier, Apostlenes Gerninger og de 13 breve fra apostlen Paulus (bortset fra brevet til Hebr\u00e6erbreve af visse forfattere).<\/p>\n

Diskussioner af specifikke lovb\u00f8ger i det tredje \u00e5rhundrede:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

I det tredje \u00e5rhundrede var der ingen diskussioner om kanoniteten af de fire evangelier, Apostlenes Gerninger, de 13 breve fra Paulus og de store breve, det vil sige de b\u00f8ger, der var blevet p\u00e5tvunget som hellige b\u00f8ger siden slutningen af det forrige \u00e5rhundrede .<\/p>\n

Forskelle mellem de lokale kirkers arrangementer er dog bem\u00e6rket i de mindre katolske breve (2 Pet, 3 + 2 Johannes, Juda), s\u00e5vel som i Hebr\u00e6erbrevet (hovedsagelig afvist i Vesten) og \u00c5benbaringen (hovedsagelig afvist) i \u00f8st).<\/p>\n

Retstilstanden i begyndelsen af det tredje \u00e5rhundrede har et ekko i Origenes' v\u00e6rker <\/a>(17) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 ) \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627\u00bb <\/a>(18).<\/p>\n

I den f\u00f8rste kategori: de fire evangelier, St. Paulus' 13 breve og Hebr\u00e6erbrevet (som har tvivl fra visse kirker, kun med hensyn til dets tilskrivning til apostlen Paulus), Apostelgerninger, Peters f\u00f8rste brev, det f\u00f8rste brev Johannesbrevet og synet.<\/p>\n

I den anden kategori: som kaldes (tvivlsomt), fordi kirkerne ikke var enige om det enstemmigt, hvilket er Peters Andet Brev, Johannes Andet og Tredje Brev, Jakobsbrevet og Judasbrevet.<\/p>\n

Origenes bruger ogs\u00e5 flere andre skrifter flere gange, som om de var meget originale, men han anser dem ikke for kanoniske eller inspirerede. Disse v\u00e6rker er: Hermas' hyrde, Klemens f\u00f8rste brev, Paulus Gerninger, Barnabas brev, Apostlenes l\u00e6re.<\/p>\n

Endelig anses nogle af dem for falske, hvilket er de k\u00e6tterske evangelier, s\u00e5som Thomasevangeliet, Vasilidis, Matthias og De Tolv, som if\u00f8lge egypterne.<\/p>\n

I midten af det tredje \u00e5rhundrede, Dionysius, en elev af Origenes, som var ansvarlig for Alexandrian School of Education og senere en biskop af Alexandria, i sin kamp mod biskop Arsenius Nepota, ejeren af Millennium Heresy. <\/a>(19) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 ) \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 ) \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n

Imidlertid f\u00e5r disse hans ideer os ikke til at afvise lovligheden af denne bog, mens andre elever af Origenes og ogs\u00e5 Antiokia-skolen, som blev grundlagt af Lucian <\/a>(20) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n

 Generelt blev \u00d8sten fundet at v\u00e6re meget konservativ med hensyn til \u00c5benbaringsbogen. Det, der afspejles i den liturgiske virkelighed, er, at Kirken ikke specificerede l\u00e6sninger fra denne bog i liturgien. Derudover indeholder cirka 2\/3 af Det Nye Testamentes manuskripter ikke denne bog.<\/p>\n

Endelig formulering af loven i det fjerde \u00e5rhundrede:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

- Efesos kom omkring \u00e5r 325 e.Kr., omkring et \u00e5rhundrede efter Origenes, i sin kirkelige historie, og skelnede mellem f\u00f8lgende grupper af b\u00f8ger. <\/a>(21) :<\/p>\n

 - De anerkendte b\u00f8ger: Han n\u00e6vner successivt de fire hellige evangelier, Apostlenes Gerninger, Paulus' breve (uden at skelne Hebr\u00e6erbrevet), Johannes' f\u00f8rste brev, Peters f\u00f8rste brev, og klassificerer ogs\u00e5 visionen med dem. Men han peger p\u00e5 modsatrettede meninger.<\/p>\n

B - Ikke-genkendte b\u00f8ger: Epistler kendt af mange, Jakob, Judas, 2. Peter, 2. Johannes og 3.<\/p>\n

C - Ikke-kanoniske b\u00f8ger: Apostlenes Gerninger, Hermas' hyrde, Peters Apokalypse, Barnabas-brevet, De Tolvs L\u00e6re, Hebr\u00e6ernes evangelium, Johannes' \u00c5benbaring.<\/p>\n

D - K\u00e6tterske b\u00f8ger: Peters evangelium, Thomasevangeliet, Metas-evangeliet og andre, Andreas og Johannes' Gerninger og andre apostle.<\/p>\n

\u2013 Sankt Athanasius' 39. festbudskab <\/a>(22) \u0633\u0646\u0629 367\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u00ab\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (\u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0647\u0648\u0630\u0627)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n

Det bem\u00e6rkes, at Sankt Athanasius den Store var den f\u00f8rste til at bruge udtrykket "kanon" til at erkl\u00e6re samlingen af Bibelens b\u00f8ger. Ordet "lov" betyder i fortiden en lineal eller et arkitekturniveau, og i overf\u00f8rt betydning betyder det den standard, som vi sammenligner andre ting efter. Derudover betyder det en liste eller en liste, og i denne forstand bruges det i matematik. astronomi og historie.
De b\u00f8ger, der er n\u00e6vnt i loven, kaldes juridiske b\u00f8ger, mens bogen "The Pastoralist" af Hermas beskrives som en af de b\u00f8ger, "der ikke h\u00f8rer under loven." S\u00e5ledes kaldes b\u00f8ger, der h\u00f8rer til bogens kanon, "kanoniske", mens andre b\u00f8ger kaldes "ikke-kanoniske" eller "\u00e6ndrede".<\/p>\n

Ny Testamentes Lov og Kirken:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064e\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064e\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0651\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

Den anden faktor, der skal tages i betragtning, er populariteten af apokryfe v\u00e6rker i det andet \u00e5rhundrede. Kristne var p\u00e5 vagt over for den k\u00e6tterske l\u00e6re, der var indeholdt i nogle apokryfe v\u00e6rker, eller fra deres uovervejede imagin\u00e6re informationer, og dette var hovedbekymringen for. kirken.<\/p>\n

Derfor m\u00e5tte kirken p\u00e5 den ene side konfrontere Marcion, som reducerede hovedb\u00f8gerne til \u00e9t evangelium og ti breve, og p\u00e5 den anden side skulle den konfrontere de forskellige k\u00e6tterier og gnostiske bev\u00e6gelser, der skabte mange tekster af falske skrifter . Den udvidede sin kanon mod Marcion ved at fremh\u00e6ve de fire evangelier og Paulus' breve med resten af Det Nye Testamentes breve ud over visionen, og mod gnostikerne begr\u00e6nsede den de apostoliske tekster inspireret af Gud og de oprindelige, som udg\u00f8r sidste kanon i Det Nye Testamente.<\/p>\n

Derfor er det, der skal understreges, at kirken eksisterede f\u00f8r loven og blev ledet af Hellig\u00e5nden, og adskilte de inspirerede b\u00f8ger fra de uinspirerede. Det er muligt, at Marcion og gnostikernes apokryfe b\u00f8ger p\u00e5virkede dannelsen af loven. men ogs\u00e5 og grundl\u00e6ggende \u00f8nskede kirken at Hun etablerer grundlaget for sine historiske trosprincipper p\u00e5 Jesu Kristi person for hendes liturgiske og evangeliske liv.<\/p>\n

Ved at definere forholdet mellem Bibelen og Kirken bem\u00e6rkes det, at det ikke ville v\u00e6re korrekt at overbetone den enes suver\u00e6nitet p\u00e5 bekostning af den anden. Selvf\u00f8lgelig er kirken uden en bog som et k\u00f8ret\u00f8j uden hjul. Ligeledes er Bibelen uden en kirke uden effektivitet og uden fortolkning . Uden Hellig\u00e5ndens fortolkningsgave, som "udg\u00f8r en etableret sag i kirken", forbliver Bibelen "forseglet med syv segl" (\u00c5b 1:5).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Bibelens<\/p>\n

Oversat af: Amer Khamis<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

<\/a>(1) \u06be\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n

<\/a>(2) \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c(3″39: 3-4).<\/p>\n

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<\/a>(7) \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>(9) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 (264- 340\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>(10) \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c ( 5\u064b 16: 3)<\/p>\n

<\/a>(11) \u0623\u0633\u0633\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062c\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064b\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u06be\u0648\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u06cc\u0631\u062f\u0651\u06be\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

<\/a>(12) \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c (4\u064b  26: 14).<\/p>\n

<\/a>(13) \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u06be\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0648 \u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u06be\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06be\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0641\u06cc\u06be\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u064b \u06cc\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

<\/a>(14) \u06be\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u06be\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u06be\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 202\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0637\u06be\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a\u06be \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06be\u0627 \u0648 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639\u06be \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n

<\/a>(15) \u0648\u0623\u06cc\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0629” \u0648 \u06be\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u06be\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u06be\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

<\/a>(16) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 106 \u2013 155\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0627\u06be\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u06be\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0646\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u06be\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u06be\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u06be\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u06be \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0643\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u06be\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n

<\/a>(17) \u06be\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06be \u0641\u06cc\u06be\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633\u06cc\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u06be \u0641\u06be\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0626\u06be\u0627 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u060c (185- 250\u0645).<\/p>\n

<\/a>(18) \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c (6\u064b  25).<\/p>\n

<\/a>(19) \u06be\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0638\u06be\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u06be\u0627 \u06cc\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u06cc\u062d \u0633\u06cc\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u06cc\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0629 \u06cc\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u06cc\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0622\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u06be\u0645\u06be\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u06cc\u0629 (20 : 4- 7).<\/p>\n

<\/a>(20) \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06be \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u06cc\u0629 \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u06be\u0627.<\/p>\n

<\/a>(21) \u0623\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u06cc\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0629\u060c (3\u064b  25).<\/p>\n

<\/a>(22) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 295 \u0645 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0642\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0629\u060c \u0646\u064e\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u062f\u06cc\u06be\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 373 \u0645.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"510,603,489,1911,1914,906,2824,1185,947,1258,996,1200","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[216],"tags":[290,493,496,494,495],"class_list":["post-511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-orthodox-biblical-studies","tag-290","tag-493","tag-496","tag-494","tag-495"],"yoast_head":"\n\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f - \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 - \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\": \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d 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