وأدى البحث في جوهر الابن إلى النظر في جوهر الروح القدس ولا سيما وأن المجمع المسكوني الأول اكتفي بالعبارة: “وبالروح القدس”. وقال مجمع الإسكندرية في سنة 362 بألوهية الروح القدس وأوجب لعنة من يقول بخلق الروح. وراج القول في هذه الآونة في ولايات تراقية وبيقنية والهلسبونط بخلق الروح القدس. وتزعم هذه الحركة ثلاثة من كبار الأساقفة الذين اشتهروا بالفضيلة والمحبة والغيرة. والإشارة هنا إلى افستاثيوس سبسطية والفسيوس كيزيكة ومراثونيوس نيقوميذية. فكان لتزعمهم أثر في نفوس جمهور المؤمنين في هذه المنطقة فاتسعت حركتهم حتى أصبحت في السنة 381 موضوع بحث رئيسي في المجمع المسكوني الثاني كما سنرى في حينه.
الأرثوذكسيون لسان واحد: وشغلت القبائل القوطية والنس عن الدين وتخالف أتباعه أصحاب القول بالدستور المؤرخ. وتعارضت أهوائهم فانتظمت صفوف الأرثوذكسيين ولا سيما في قبذوقية. فجهر اثناثيوس انقيرة بالعقيدة النيقاوية الأرثوذكسية وحذا حذوه افسابيوس قيصرية واتخذ لنفسه مستشاراً ومعاوناً باسيليوس الكبير. وعاد غريغوريوس النزينزي أبو غريغوريوس اللاهوتي عن الدستور المؤرخ وصارح زملائه بالعقيدة الأرثوذكسية. وقال آخرون من أبناء كنيسة أنطاكية في أرمينية والبونط قول هؤلاء الأساقفة وصرح الجميع بالأقانيم الثلاثة وبوحدة الجوهر فمهدوا بذلك لتوحيد الصفوف والانضواء تحت لواء الأرثوذكسية.
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