{"id":1030,"date":"2009-06-06T06:23:18","date_gmt":"2009-06-06T06:23:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/church-history\/historical-studies\/prophet-jonah-in-the-arab-heritage\/"},"modified":"2009-06-06T06:23:18","modified_gmt":"2009-06-06T06:23:18","slug":"prophet-jonah-in-the-arab-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/fr\/church-history\/historical-studies\/prophet-jonah-in-the-arab-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Le proph\u00e8te Jonas dans l&#039;h\u00e9ritage arabe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Il s&#039;agit de Jonas, fils d&#039;Amittai, l&#039;auteur de la proph\u00e9tie contenue dans un livre s\u00e9par\u00e9 de l&#039;Ancien Testament. Il est \u00e9galement connu dans l&#039;h\u00e9ritage arabe sous le nom de \u00ab Yunus \u00bb et sous son surnom \u00ab Dhul-Nun. \u00bb Le Coran a consacr\u00e9 une sourate \u00e0 son nom, qui est la dixi\u00e8me sourate, et il est mentionn\u00e9 dans de nombreux versets distincts. Les r\u00e9cits bibliques et coraniques sont similaires, notamment lorsqu\u2019ils \u00e9voquent la baleine avalant Jonas, puis le repentir des habitants de Ninive. Jonas rev\u00eat une grande importance dans le Nouveau Testament, car le Seigneur J\u00e9sus consid\u00e9rait l&#039;histoire du s\u00e9jour de Jonas pendant trois jours et trois nuits dans le ventre de la baleine comme une proph\u00e9tie sur son propre s\u00e9jour \u00ab au c\u0153ur de la terre \u00bb pendant trois jours. et trois nuits (Matthieu 12\u00a0: 39-41), apr\u00e8s sa crucifixion et en attendant sa r\u00e9surrection. . L&#039;\u00c9glise orthodoxe le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le 21 septembre.<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p>Le r\u00e9cit coranique sur le proph\u00e8te Jonas se distingue par sa bri\u00e8vet\u00e9, car il n\u2019entre pas dans les d\u00e9tails en mentionnant tous les d\u00e9tails comme dans le r\u00e9cit biblique. Dans la sourate As-Saffat, nous lisons : \u00ab Et en effet, Yunus \u00e9tait l&#039;un des messagers. Alors qu&#039;il retournait \u00e0 l&#039;arche charg\u00e9e. Il y a contribu\u00e9 et a \u00e9t\u00e9 de ceux qui l&#039;ont r\u00e9fut\u00e9. La baleine l&#039;a mordu et il a \u00e9t\u00e9 afflig\u00e9. S&#039;il n&#039;avait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 de ceux qui glorifient Dieu, il serait rest\u00e9 dans son ventre jusqu&#039;au jour de leur r\u00e9surrection. Nous l&#039;avons donc jet\u00e9 dehors alors qu&#039;il \u00e9tait malade. Et Nous avons fait pousser un citrouille par-dessus. Nous l&#039;avons envoy\u00e9 \u00e0 cent mille personnes ou plus. Puis ils crurent, alors Nous leur en donn\u00e2mes un moment de jouissance \u00bb (37\u00a0: 139-148). Toutes les interpr\u00e9tations s&#039;accordent pour dire que Dieu a envoy\u00e9 Jonas aux habitants de Ninive, mais il a pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 s&#039;\u00e9chapper (abqa s&#039;est \u00e9chapp\u00e9) dans l&#039;arche remplie de passagers et de bagages. Lorsque les astronomes eurent connaissance de son acte, ils le jet\u00e8rent dans l&#039;oc\u00e9an et la baleine l&#039;avala alors qu&#039;il commettait ce dont on lui reprochait. Et s&#039;il n&#039;avait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 de ceux qui se souvenaient fr\u00e9quemment de Dieu en le louant tout au long de sa vie, il serait rest\u00e9 dans le ventre de la baleine, y \u00e9tant enterr\u00e9 jusqu&#039;au Jour de la R\u00e9surrection. Alors Dieu a r\u00e9pondu \u00e0 la pri\u00e8re de Jonas et l\u2019a plac\u00e9 dans un endroit d\u00e9pourvu d\u2019arbres et de plantes sur la c\u00f4te, et un arbre a pouss\u00e9 au-dessus de lui pour lui offrir de l\u2019ombre, une courge (une courge dans le r\u00e9cit biblique). Puis il l&#039;envoya aux habitants de Ninive qui accept\u00e8rent l&#039;appel \u00e0 la repentance, et Dieu les r\u00e9compensa en leur pardonnant leurs p\u00e9ch\u00e9s ant\u00e9rieurs et en d\u00e9tournant Sa col\u00e8re contre eux.<\/p>\n<p>Les r\u00e9cits ex\u00e9g\u00e9tiques d\u00e9taillent ce que le Coran a n\u00e9glig\u00e9. Ibn Katheer al-Dimashqi (mort en 1372), dans son livre \u00ab Histoires des proph\u00e8tes \u00bb, dit que Dieu Tout-Puissant a envoy\u00e9 une grande baleine et qu&#039;elle l&#039;a aval\u00e9e, et Dieu Tout-Puissant lui a ordonn\u00e9 de ne pas manger sa viande ni de lui briser les os. la baleine l&#039;a pris et l&#039;a fait naviguer sur toutes les mers. Dans un autre r\u00e9cit, cette baleine a \u00e9t\u00e9 aval\u00e9e par une autre baleine, plus grosse qu\u2019elle. Le narrateur continue en disant que lorsque Yunus s&#039;est install\u00e9 dans le ventre de la baleine, il a pens\u00e9 qu&#039;il \u00e9tait mort, alors il a boug\u00e9 ses membres et ils ont boug\u00e9, et il \u00e9tait vivant. Alors il se prosterna devant Dieu et dit : \u00ab \u00d4 Seigneur... Je t&#039;ai fait un lieu de culte dans un lieu o\u00f9 personne ne t&#039;a ador\u00e9 \u00bb, consid\u00e9rant le ventre de la baleine comme un lieu de culte pour Dieu. L&#039;un des hadiths raconte que Yunus, pendant son \u00e9preuve, a entendu quelque chose, alors Dieu lui a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 : \u00ab Ceci est le tasbih des animaux marins \u00bb, alors il l&#039;a lou\u00e9 \u00e0 son tour. Alors les anges entendirent sa louange et dirent : \u00d4 notre Seigneur, nous entendons une voix faible dans un pays \u00e9tranger ! Dieu dit : C&#039;est mon serviteur Yunus, qui m&#039;a d\u00e9sob\u00e9i, alors je l&#039;ai emprisonn\u00e9 dans le ventre de la baleine dans la mer. Ils dirent : Le serviteur juste, qui t&#039;apportait de bonnes actions jour et nuit ? Il a dit oui. Alors ils interc\u00e9d\u00e8rent pour lui. Alors Dieu ordonna \u00e0 la baleine de la jeter sur la c\u00f4te.<\/p>\n<p>Dans la sourate Al-Anbiya, nous lisons : \u00ab Et Dhul-Nun, quand il s&#039;en alla en col\u00e8re, il pensa que nous ne le vaincrions pas, alors il cria dans l&#039;obscurit\u00e9 : &#039;Il n&#039;y a de dieu que Toi. Gloire \u00e0 Toi.&#039; En effet, j&#039;ai \u00e9t\u00e9 du nombre des injustes.&#039;\u00bb Nous lui avons donc r\u00e9pondu et l&#039;avons sauv\u00e9 de la d\u00e9tresse, et ainsi Nous sauvons les croyants \u00bb (21\u00a0: 87-88). Les commentateurs conviennent que les \u00ab t\u00e9n\u00e8bres \u00bb mentionn\u00e9es dans le verset sont trois t\u00e9n\u00e8bres : les t\u00e9n\u00e8bres de la nuit, les t\u00e9n\u00e8bres de la mer et les t\u00e9n\u00e8bres du ventre de la baleine. Ce qui est frappant dans ces deux versets, c\u2019est la r\u00e9ponse de Dieu \u00e0 l\u2019appel des croyants en p\u00e9riode de d\u00e9tresse. Comme Jonas, que Dieu a sauv\u00e9 de son chagrin et de sa d\u00e9tresse, Dieu sauve \u00e9galement les croyants de leur chagrin s&#039;ils cherchent de l&#039;aide aupr\u00e8s de Lui. Cependant, dans le contexte de l&#039;histoire de Yunus, nous trouvons l&#039;un des commentateurs citant un noble hadith concernant la r\u00e9ponse de Dieu aux pri\u00e8res en temps de d\u00e9tresse dans lequel la sagesse suivante est \u00e9nonc\u00e9e : \u00ab Apprenez \u00e0 conna\u00eetre Dieu en temps de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9, et Il je te conna\u00eetrai dans les moments difficiles.<\/p>\n<p>Quant au repentir des habitants de Ninive du pays de Mossoul en Irak, nous lisons dans la sourate Yunus : \u00ab Et n&#039;y avait-il pas eu une seule ville qui ait cru et sa foi lui ait profit\u00e9, \u00e0 l&#039;exception des habitants de Yunus lorsqu&#039;ils ont cru. d&#039;eux le tourment de la honte dans la vie de ce monde et leur a donn\u00e9 du plaisir pour un temps \u00bb (10\u00a0:98). Les sp\u00e9cialistes de l&#039;interpr\u00e9tation conviennent unanimement que les habitants de Ninive n&#039;ont pas cru Jonas lorsqu&#039;il est venu vers eux avec l&#039;appel \u00e0 la justice, et ils ont fait la sourde oreille pour l&#039;\u00e9couter, alors il leur a promis que le tourment les atteindrait. Cependant, Dieu a jet\u00e9 la repentance et la repentance dans leurs c\u0153urs (retournant au droit chemin), alors ils l&#039;ont regrett\u00e9 et ont rev\u00eatu un sac, le suppliant. Alors Dieu a accept\u00e9 leur repentir et leur a enlev\u00e9 le tourment avec sa mis\u00e9ricorde et sa compassion. La plupart des commentateurs ont ajout\u00e9 que cette foi des habitants de Ninive leur sera b\u00e9n\u00e9fique dans l\u2019au-del\u00e0, les sauvant de l\u2019au-del\u00e0, tout comme elle les a sauv\u00e9s des tourments terrestres.<\/p>\n<p>Il y a un verset du po\u00e8te arabe pr\u00e9islamique Umayyah ibn Abi Salt, que certains \u00e9rudits croient \u00eatre un chr\u00e9tien tandis que d&#039;autres disent qu&#039;il \u00e9tait une religion monoth\u00e9iste Hanifi, dans lequel il dit :<\/p>\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 vous, vous avez sauv\u00e9 Yunus d&#039;\u00eatre aussi gros qu&#039;une baleine<\/p>\n<p>Cela signifie que le nom Yunus, proche de la prononciation grecque, \u00e9tait familier dans la p\u00e9ninsule arabique. M\u00eame si les chr\u00e9tiens arabes ont utilis\u00e9 le nom dans sa prononciation habituelle comme \u00ab Jonas \u00bb dans leurs traductions de la Sainte Bible, il est ind\u00e9niable qu&#039;\u00e0 une \u00e9poque historique ant\u00e9rieure et \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9poque actuelle, ils ont utilis\u00e9 le nom dans sa prononciation arabe, &quot;Jonas.&quot; Dans tous les cas, l&#039;h\u00e9ritage chr\u00e9tien vivant a immortalis\u00e9 Jonas - Jonas, comme il le mentionne dans les hymnes de la glorieuse P\u00e2ques, lorsqu&#039;il s&#039;adresse au Seigneur J\u00e9sus en disant : \u00ab Et le troisi\u00e8me jour tu sortis du tombeau, comme Jonas \u00e9merg\u00e9 du poisson. Alors, \u00f4 Seigneur, sauve-nous d\u2019\u00eatre engloutis par la baleine de cette vie mondaine, afin que nous puissions \u00eatre partenaires de ta r\u00e9surrection vivifiante.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00c0 propos de mon bulletin paroissial<br \/>dimanche 16 septembre 2007<br \/>Num\u00e9ro 37<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0627\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":3449,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"710,801,643,968,709,644,1500,1026,2586,2553,648,805","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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