{"id":518,"date":"2009-02-20T16:54:01","date_gmt":"2009-02-20T16:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/ephraim-the-syrian\/"},"modified":"2009-02-20T16:54:01","modified_gmt":"2009-02-20T16:54:01","slug":"ephraim-the-syrian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/fr\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/ephraim-the-syrian\/","title":{"rendered":"Ephrem le Syrien - Ephrem le Syrien"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Saint\u00c9phrem le Syrien, ou \u00c9phrem le Syrien, ou \u00c9phrem de Nisibini, ou \u00c9phrem de Rahawi, surnomm\u00e9 \u00ab La Harpe du Saint-Esprit \u00bb, est le p\u00e8re syriaque le plus \u00e9minent de l'\u00c9glise orthodoxe et le plus grand po\u00e8te d'\u00e9glise de la litt\u00e9rature syriaque. \u00c9phrem est n\u00e9 vers l'an 306 dans la ville de Nisibis en M\u00e9sopotamie. Nous ne savons rien de sa famille, certains confirment qu'elle \u00e9tait chr\u00e9tienne, d'autres l'\u00e9cartent, soulignant que son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait un pr\u00eatre pa\u00efen et qu'Ephrem s'est converti au christianisme dans sa jeunesse et a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 avec Jacob, l'\u00e9v\u00eaque de son pays. ville et a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 de ses connaissances et de sa compagnie.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Jacob l'a ordonn\u00e9 diacre \u00e9vang\u00e9lique et il a maintenu son diaconat toute sa vie, pr\u00eachant, enseignant et chantant les chants les plus merveilleux et la meilleure po\u00e9sie religieuse. Il quitta Nisibis apr\u00e8s sa chute aux mains des Perses en 363 et v\u00e9cut \u00e0 \u00c9desse (Odessa en grec ou Urfa) jusqu'\u00e0 la mort de Dieu en 373. C'\u00e9tait un centre chr\u00e9tien et culturel important, car les cultures grecque et syriaque s'y rencontraient. . \u00c0 \u00c9desse, il a servi l'\u00c9glise en tant que diacre, pr\u00e9dicateur qui interpr\u00e9tait la Sainte Bible, th\u00e9ologien qui combattait les h\u00e9r\u00e9sies, po\u00e8te qui composait des chants spirituels et ermite solitaire lorsqu'il en avait l'occasion. Avram est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 infect\u00e9 par l'\u00e9pid\u00e9mie qui a d\u00e9truit les habitants de la r\u00e9gion d'Edessa. L'\u00e9glise c\u00e9l\u00e8bre sa m\u00e9moire le 28 janvier.<\/p>\n

\"SaintSes \u0153uvres les plus importantes sont sans aucun doute les nombreux chants et hymnes spirituels qu\u2019il a compos\u00e9s. Dans ce domaine, il est difficile de comprendre l\u2019ensemble des \u0153uvres d\u2019Avram et de distinguer celles qui sont authentiques de celles qui lui sont attribu\u00e9es. Il convient de noter qu\u2019en syriaque, il existe deux principaux types de po\u00e9sie : le memer et le midrash. Quant au memer, c'est un syst\u00e8me qui est lu et non chant\u00e9, et ses vers se pr\u00e9sentent dans un seul type d'intersection, et les vers du memer peuvent atteindre des milliers de vers, de sorte que le memer peut transporter une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de mat\u00e9riel \u00e9ducatif. Quant au midrash, c\u2019est un syst\u00e8me qui se chante en chant et ses vers sont num\u00e9rot\u00e9s. Avram excellait dans les deux styles et \u00e9tait, dans ses pri\u00e8res et ses madaris, la langue de la foi orthodoxe.<\/p>\n

Parmi les po\u00e8mes et hymnes prouv\u00e9s par Ephrem, citons : 65 midrash \u00ab Contre les h\u00e9r\u00e9sies \u00bb dans lesquels l'auteur attaquait les erreurs des astrologues (les gens du XXIe si\u00e8cle suivent encore leurs interpr\u00e9tations) et de certains h\u00e9r\u00e9tiques ; 78 hymnes \u00ab Sur la foi \u00bb dans lesquels il attaque les ariens qui niaient la divinit\u00e9 de J\u00e9sus-Christ, dont 51 hymnes \u00ab Sur le paradis \u00bb dans lesquels il chante la splendeur du ciel. 12 hymnes \u00ab Sur les pains sans levain \u00bb c\u00e9l\u00e9brant la passion et la r\u00e9surrection du Christ ; 25 hymnes \u00ab\u00a0Sur l'\u00c9glise\u00a0\u00bb, 15 hymnes \u00ab\u00a0Sur la virginit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb et d'autres sur la crucifixion et le je\u00fbne.<\/p>\n

Saint \u00c9phrem est c\u00e9l\u00e8bre comme l'auteur de la Pri\u00e8re p\u00e9nitentielle qui nous accompagne dans toutes les pri\u00e8res du Grand Car\u00eame, et en raison de son importance nous la citerons int\u00e9gralement :<\/p>\n

\u00ab O Seigneur et Ma\u00eetre de ma vie, lib\u00e8re-moi de l'esprit d'oisivet\u00e9 et de curiosit\u00e9, de l'amour du leadership et des paroles vaines, et accorde-moi, ton serviteur p\u00e9cheur, l'esprit de chastet\u00e9, d'humilit\u00e9 de pens\u00e9e, de patience et d'amour. Oui, mon Roi et mon Dieu, accorde-moi de conna\u00eetre mes p\u00e9ch\u00e9s et mes d\u00e9fauts, et de ne pas juger mes fr\u00e8res, car tu es b\u00e9ni pour toujours, Amen.<\/p>\n

Cette pri\u00e8re, apr\u00e8s la pri\u00e8re du \u00ab Notre P\u00e8re \u00bb, est une pri\u00e8re exemplaire, car elle r\u00e9sume tout ce qui permet au croyant de prier et de demander \u00e0 Dieu. Saint \u00c9phrem demandait dans son testament : \u00ab Trente jours apr\u00e8s ma mort, vous offrirez pour moi le saint sacrifice, car les morts b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient des sacrifices offerts par les vivants. \u00bb La messe rassemble les morts et les vivants, car il n'y a pas de morts en Christ. Par l'intercession de saint \u00c9phrem, qui vit avec toi, Seigneur J\u00e9sus, aie piti\u00e9 de nous et sauve-nous.<\/p>\n

Les chants d'\u00c9phrem \u00e9taient non seulement riches en images po\u00e9tiques, mais aussi profonds sur le plan th\u00e9ologique et id\u00e9ologique. Par exemple, il dit que le Paradis a \u00e9t\u00e9 restitu\u00e9 \u00e0 l'humanit\u00e9 dans l'\u00c9glise, qui est plus splendide et plus belle que le Jardin d'Eden, qui n'en \u00e9tait qu'une image : \u00ab D'un c\u00f4t\u00e9, Dieu a plant\u00e9 le Paradis splendide, et de l'autre d\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, Il a construit l\u2019\u00c9glise pure. Ephrem a chant\u00e9 au Christ en tant que nouvel Adam qui a rouvert le Paradis, en disant : \u00ab Bienheureux celui qui a ouvert le paradis par sa croix \u00bb et \u00ab Bienheureux celui qui a ravi Adam \u00bb et aussi : \u00ab Bienheureux celui qui nous a lib\u00e9r\u00e9s, de peur que son exemple ne soit captur\u00e9\u00bb et \u00abB\u00e9ni soit celui qui nous a sauv\u00e9s de la captivit\u00e9\u00bb, et il a \u00e9galement dit \u00abB\u00e9ni soit celui qui conquiert le paradis de la vie.\u00bb L'\u00e9glise le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre le 28 janvier.<\/p>\n

Tropaire<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Car tu as r\u00e9pandu le d\u00e9sert infructueux avec les torrents de tes larmes, et avec les soupirs des profondeurs tu as rendu le fruit de ton travail au centuple. Tu es devenu une \u00e9toile pour le monde habit\u00e9, brillant de merveilles, \u00f4 notre juste p\u00e8re \u00c9phrem, alors interc\u00e8de aupr\u00e8s du Christ Dieu pour sauver nos \u00e2mes.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":516,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"2785,2590,552,5200,644,2783,2716,1155,1914,2784,2623,2780","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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