{"id":685,"date":"2009-02-24T23:46:32","date_gmt":"2009-02-24T23:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/church-history\/church-history-to-nineteenth-century\/my-innocence-srdekkep-milan\/"},"modified":"2009-02-24T23:46:32","modified_gmt":"2009-02-24T23:46:32","slug":"my-innocence-srdekkep-milan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/fr\/church-history\/church-history-to-nineteenth-century\/my-innocence-srdekkep-milan\/","title":{"rendered":"Mon innocence est Sardic et Milan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Le brevet de Sardika\u00a0:<\/span><\/strong> (311) Constance, l&#039;empereur d&#039;Occident, coll\u00e8gue de Glarius, mourut en 306 \u00e0 York \u00e0 cause des actions britanniques. Son fils Constantin a modifi\u00e9 le nouveau r\u00e9gime de Diocl\u00e9tien et s&#039;est d\u00e9clar\u00e9 C\u00e9sar de Grande-Bretagne, de Gaule et d&#039;Espagne. Les gardes de Rome appelaient Maxence empereur. La soif de r\u00e8gne revint dans le c\u0153ur de Maximien, l&#039;empereur d\u00e9missionnaire, et il se d\u00e9clara \u00e9galement empereur. L\u2019\u00c9tat romain comptait trois empereurs et trois C\u00e9sars. Les soldats de Severus se r\u00e9volt\u00e8rent contre lui et le tu\u00e8rent, alors Glarius nomma un nouveau C\u00e9sar \u00e0 sa place appel\u00e9 Licinius. Les troubles se sont r\u00e9pandus dans les cercles politiques et militaires, et l&#039;empereur Glarium est devenu de plus en plus perturb\u00e9. Au d\u00e9but de l&#039;ann\u00e9e 310, Galarius souffrait d&#039;une maladie \u00e9trange et effrayante, et sa peau s&#039;ulc\u00e8re, des ulc\u00e8res apparaissent, ses blessures deviennent douloureuses et son sang saigne. Sa maladie a dur\u00e9 plus de dix-huit mois, rendant les m\u00e9decins \u00e9puis\u00e9s et \u00e9puis\u00e9s. L&#039;empereur \u00e9tait effray\u00e9 et craignait d&#039;avoir mis en col\u00e8re le Dieu de ceux qui le pers\u00e9cutaient. L&#039;empereur sentit \u00e9galement la corruption de son opinion politique et son \u00e9chec dans la guerre qu&#039;il mena contre les chr\u00e9tiens, c&#039;est pourquoi il pronon\u00e7a par Serdicca, en accord avec Licinius, Constantin et Maximinus, son c\u00e9l\u00e8bre acquittement en avril 311. Certains les \u00e9rudits pensent que le m\u00e9rite de cet acquittement revient \u00e0 Licinius, et non \u00e0 Glarius, mais il s&#039;agit d&#039;une opinion faible et est encore en train de se d\u00e9velopper.<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p>L&#039;historien Lectance nous a conserv\u00e9 le texte de cet acquittement en latin, et Eus\u00e8be a \u00e9galement rapport\u00e9 son texte en grec. Dans ce document, Galarius commence par bl\u00e2mer et r\u00e9primander les chr\u00e9tiens pour leur abandon de la religion de leurs p\u00e8res et grands-p\u00e8res et leur abstention des rituels et coutumes dont parlaient les fondateurs. Il mentionne ensuite son accomplissement de son devoir et l&#039;envoi d&#039;ordres \u00e0 ces personnes. revenir aux traditions h\u00e9rit\u00e9es. Il \u00e9voque ensuite le retour de certains chr\u00e9tiens \u00e0 la religion de leurs anc\u00eatres, mais il montre clairement que ces gens ne l&#039;ont pas fait. Ils ne sont revenus que sous la contrainte, et la plupart de leurs fr\u00e8res ont insist\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s de leurs p\u00e8res et ne les ont pas suivis. lui sur ce qu&#039;il voulait, donc ils n&#039;ont pas respect\u00e9 les dieux et n&#039;ont pas ador\u00e9 le Dieu chr\u00e9tien - et peut-\u00eatre que la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence ici est \u00e0 certaines h\u00e9r\u00e9sies et h\u00e9r\u00e9sies. Puis il conclut en disant qu&#039;il est compatissant envers tous les hommes, c&#039;est pourquoi il traite les chr\u00e9tiens avec une bienveillante tol\u00e9rance, reconna\u00eet leur existence et leur permet de prier en congr\u00e9gation \u00e0 condition qu&#039;ils ne perturbent pas l&#039;ordre. Il confirme qu&#039;il \u00e9crira aux juges et arbitres au sujet des lois qui doivent \u00eatre respect\u00e9es. Il croit qu\u2019en retour, les chr\u00e9tiens devraient prier leur Dieu pour l\u2019imp\u00e9ratrice, l\u2019\u00c9tat et eux-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s cela, le christianisme est devenu une religion l\u00e9gitime et ce qui avait \u00e9t\u00e9 usurp\u00e9 aux chr\u00e9tiens a \u00e9t\u00e9 restaur\u00e9. Cependant, Glarius est mort en mai de l&#039;ann\u00e9e 311 et il n&#039;a pas pu \u00e9crire aux juges et aux dirigeants, comme le stipule le texte de l&#039;acquittement. .<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Maximin continue la pers\u00e9cution :<\/span><\/strong> (311-312) La nouvelle de l&#039;acquittement de Sardicia apparut et la pers\u00e9cution dans les \u00c9tats de Glarius, Lincinius et Constantine cessa. Mais il ne fut pas publi\u00e9 dans les provinces de Maximin, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire en Syrie et en \u00c9gypte, car l\u2019assistant de Maximin se contenta de transmettre le contenu du brevet sans le texte. Glarius mourut peu de temps apr\u00e8s, alors Maximin retourna \u00e0 la pers\u00e9cution et fonda un groupe pa\u00efen sur le mod\u00e8le de l&#039;\u00c9glise pour combattre le christianisme. Il a fabriqu\u00e9 un nouveau livre intitul\u00e9 \u00ab Les Actes de Pilate \u00bb, l\u2019a diffus\u00e9 et a diffus\u00e9 son contenu pour d\u00e9nigrer le Seigneur le Sauveur. Il y avait un dirigeant \u00e0 Damas qui voulait montrer sa loyaut\u00e9 envers son ma\u00eetre, alors il a pris quelques femmes du march\u00e9 et leur a appris \u00e0 pr\u00e9tendre qu&#039;elles \u00e9taient chr\u00e9tiennes et qu&#039;elles avaient vu des actes honteux commis dans les \u00e9glises. Maximin ordonna alors aux pa\u00efens de certaines villes d&#039;exiger l&#039;expulsion des chr\u00e9tiens. Une colonne fut \u00e9rig\u00e9e \u00e0 Tyr, sur laquelle \u00e9tait grav\u00e9e une inscription glorifiant le paganisme et appelant le peuple \u00e0 expulser les chr\u00e9tiens. Des milliers de personnes fuirent les villes et furent d\u00e9plac\u00e9es vers le pays. prairies.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Martyrs de Homs :<\/span><\/strong> 312 Le gouverneur de Homs arr\u00eata Silvain, l&#039;\u00e9v\u00eaque de la ville, son diacre Luc et le lecteur Mucius. Il les mit en prison, les fit souffrir, puis les jeta devant des b\u00eates f\u00e9roces. Parmi les croyants de Homs se trouvait un homme nomm\u00e9 Julianus. Lorsque les tourments devinrent intenses, il prit des m\u00e9dicaments pour soulager la douleur des confesseurs et guider les perdus. Lorsque Silvain et ses compagnons se rendaient \u00e0 l&#039;amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre, il les rencontra en chemin et les embrassa du dernier baiser. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 arr\u00eat\u00e9 et tortur\u00e9, mais il est rest\u00e9 fid\u00e8le \u00e0 sa foi. Sa t\u00eate, ses mains et ses pieds ont \u00e9t\u00e9 clou\u00e9s et il a \u00e9t\u00e9 jet\u00e9 dans une grotte \u00e0 l&#039;ext\u00e9rieur de la ville. O\u00f9 son \u00e2me d\u00e9bordait, couronn\u00e9e et honor\u00e9e des m\u00eames souffrances que le Ma\u00eetre avait endur\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Lucien, le professeur d&#039;Antioche<\/span><\/strong>Cette m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, \u00e0 Antioche, le pr\u00eatre et \u00e9rudit Lucien fut arr\u00eat\u00e9 et jet\u00e9 en prison \u00e0 Nicom\u00e9die. Il fut tortur\u00e9, fouett\u00e9, battu, plac\u00e9 sur des grilles sous des roues et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 des lions f\u00e9roces. il envoya donc une lettre \u00e0 Maximin lui-m\u00eame pour d\u00e9fendre la validit\u00e9 de la foi en Christ. Il eut faim et fut priv\u00e9 de nourriture. Puis on lui offrit de la viande de sacrifice aux dieux, mais il refusa. Impr\u00e9gn\u00e9 du mot \u00ab Je suis chr\u00e9tien \u00bb. Jusqu&#039;\u00e0 ce que son \u00e2me d\u00e9borde. Son corps a \u00e9t\u00e9 enterr\u00e9 dans la ville de Dharibana. Sainte-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne ordonna plus tard la construction d&#039;un temple luxueux sur son sanctuaire et nomma Dharibana en son nom. Elle devint donc Elenopolis, ce qui signifie la ville d&#039;H\u00e9l\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Brevet milanais\u00a0:<\/span><\/strong> Constantin regarda le ciel pr\u00e9cieux et vit le signe de croix dessin\u00e9 par le soleil avant le coucher du soleil, et il se pr\u00e9cipita \u00e0 sa poursuite avec l&#039;enthousiasme d&#039;un croyant confiant. Il attaque son adversaire et atteint les portes de Rome. Avant l&#039;aube du vingt-huit octobre de l&#039;an 312, il re\u00e7ut du Tr\u00e8s-Haut que les lettres grecques \u00ab Khi \u00bb et \u00ab Rho \u00bb devaient \u00eatre dessin\u00e9es sur les boucliers de ses combattants avant le d\u00e9but des combats. sont le d\u00e9but du mot grec Christos, qui signifie Christ.<\/p>\n<p>Lorsqu&#039;il a touch\u00e9 la main du Sauveur et qu&#039;il a ressenti son attention. En Italie et en Afrique, Sardicchia a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e innocente et condamn\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e. Il ordonna ensuite la restitution des biens eccl\u00e9siastiques confisqu\u00e9s et ordonna aux responsables des finances de fournir aux \u00e9glises universelles, et non donatistes, les fonds dont elles avaient besoin. Il \u00e9crivit \u00e0 Maximin en Orient pour exiger la fin de la pers\u00e9cution. Il \u00e9crivit \u00e0 son tour \u00e0 Spinos pour lui interdire le recours \u00e0 la violence.<\/p>\n<p>Au d\u00e9but de 313, Constantin et Licinius se rencontrent \u00e0 Milan. Ils ont \u00e9chang\u00e9 des opinions sur la politique et ont convenu de d\u00e9clarer la libert\u00e9 de croyance dans tout l&#039;empire. Ce dernier retourna \u00e0 l&#039;est pour limiter les ambitions de Miscimenos et le battra \u00e0 Tzeralom pr\u00e8s d&#039;Andrinople le 1er mai et le for\u00e7a \u00e0 battre en retraite. Maximinius mourut \u00e0 Tarse en ao\u00fbt de l&#039;an 313. Quant \u00e0 Licinius, \u00e0 peine install\u00e9 \u00e0 Nicom\u00e9die, il d\u00e9clara la libert\u00e9 de croyance dans un texte officiel.<\/p>\n<p>Il ressort clairement de ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de qu&#039;il n&#039;est pas permis de dire qu&#039;un acquittement sp\u00e9cifique a \u00e9t\u00e9 prononc\u00e9 par les deux empereurs r\u00e9unis \u00e0 Milan. Tout ce que l&#039;on peut dire, c&#039;est que ces deux empereurs se sont mis d&#039;accord sur un plan pr\u00e9cis et l&#039;ont chacun mis en \u0153uvre dans sa r\u00e9gion. Dire qu\u2019un protocole a \u00e9t\u00e9 sign\u00e9 \u00e0 Milan dans ce sens est une d\u00e9claration faible et non fond\u00e9e sur des bases pratiques actuelles.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, l\u2019\u00e8re des pers\u00e9cutions a pris fin et le christianisme est devenu une religion l\u00e9gitime qui a les m\u00eames droits que les autres religions.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0629: (311) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 306 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646 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