{"id":808,"date":"2009-02-28T19:20:37","date_gmt":"2009-02-28T19:20:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/church-history\/historical-studies\/the-cross-in-the-arab-modern-poetry\/"},"modified":"2009-02-28T19:20:37","modified_gmt":"2009-02-28T19:20:37","slug":"the-cross-in-the-arab-modern-poetry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/fr\/church-history\/historical-studies\/the-cross-in-the-arab-modern-poetry\/","title":{"rendered":"La croix dans la po\u00e9sie arabe moderne"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019h\u00e9ritage islamique, bas\u00e9 sur le Coran, rejette le r\u00e9cit de la crucifixion du Christ et toute la croyance chr\u00e9tienne en la r\u00e9demption et le salut qui en a r\u00e9sult\u00e9. Le texte coranique dit explicitement : \u00ab Et leur parole : &#039;En effet, Nous avons tu\u00e9 le Messie, J\u00e9sus, le fils de Marie, le Messager de Dieu.&#039; Mais ils ne l&#039;ont pas tu\u00e9 ni crucifi\u00e9, mais c&#039;\u00e9tait &quot; Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 fait pour leur appara\u00eetre, et ceux qui diff\u00e8rent \u00e0 ce sujet en doutent. Ils n&#039;en ont connaissance que par conjecture, et ils ne l&#039;ont pas tu\u00e9 avec certitude. &quot; Au contraire, Dieu l\u2019a \u00e9lev\u00e9 vers Lui, et Dieu est Puissant et Sage \u00bb (An-Nisa\u2019, 157-158). Les commentateurs musulmans, \u00e0 travers les \u00e2ges, ont \u00e9crit de nombreuses pages pour expliquer la signification de ce texte. Bien que leurs interpr\u00e9tations divergent, l&#039;\u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 a accept\u00e9 de rejeter l&#039;incident de la mort du Christ sur la croix.<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p>Cela n\u2019a pas emp\u00each\u00e9 les po\u00e8tes arabes musulmans d\u2019utiliser le symbole de la croix dans nombre de leurs po\u00e8mes. Pour certains d\u2019entre eux, le symbole de la croix occupait une place centrale dans leur po\u00e9sie. Nous pouvons citer ici les po\u00e8tes Mahmoud Darwish (Palestine), Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab (Irak), Salah Abdel-Sabour et Amal Dunqul (\u00c9gypte), entre autres. Ce qui les a unis, c&#039;est l&#039;espoir que la R\u00e9surrection viendra sans aucun doute et que la Croix est une \u00e9tape essentielle sur le chemin du salut qui m\u00e8ne \u00e0 la joie et \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration des peines. Cet espoir atteint un niveau indescriptible pour Al-Sayyab, car il utilise, en plus du symbole de la croix, le symbole de la Sainte Communion, et il dit :<\/p>\n<p>Je suis mort pour qu&#039;on mange du pain en mon nom, pour qu&#039;on me plante la saison<br \/>Combien de vies vais-je vivre\u00a0: dans chaque trou je suis devenu un avenir, je suis devenu une graine<br \/>Je suis devenu une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de personnes, avec mon sang dans chaque c\u0153ur<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Une goutte ou une partie.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce contexte, nous ne devons pas oublier que l\u2019identit\u00e9 du Christ \u00ab palestinien \u00bb s\u2019est impos\u00e9e \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 les Palestiniens commen\u00e7aient \u00e0 souffrir de l\u2019injustice de l\u2019occupation isra\u00e9lienne. Dans ce contexte, la po\u00e8te palestinienne Fadwa Tuqan s&#039;adresse \u00e0 lui le jour de son anniversaire en chantant :<\/p>\n<p>O Seigneur, \u00f4 gloire des univers, lors de ta f\u00eate tu es crucifi\u00e9 cette ann\u00e9e<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Les joies de J\u00e9rusalem...<\/p>\n<p>Mahmoud Darwich dit en d\u00e9crivant la trag\u00e9die de son peuple :<\/p>\n<p>Mon p\u00e8re! Les fleurs poussent-elles \u00e0 l\u2019ombre de la croix ?<br \/>Un rossignol chante-t-il ?<br \/>Pourquoi ont-ils fait sauter ma petite maison ?<\/p>\n<p>Il existe une chanson en dialecte \u00e9gyptien, \u00e9crite par le po\u00e8te Abdel Rahman Al-Abnoudi et interpr\u00e9t\u00e9e par Abdel Halim Hafez apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite de 1967, dans laquelle le Christ s&#039;identifie au peuple palestinien dont le sang saigne comme le Christ a saign\u00e9 en portant sa croix. :<\/p>\n<p>La couronne d&#039;\u00e9pines est sur son front et la croix est sur son \u00e9paule<br \/>Maintenant, ton fils J\u00e9rusalem est comme le Christ, un \u00e9tranger trahi par les m\u00eames Juifs<br \/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Votre fils, J\u00e9rusalem, comme le Christ, doit retourner dans son pays.<\/p>\n<p>Le symbole de la croix dans la po\u00e9sie arabe ne se limitait pas au th\u00e8me national, mais il y avait des po\u00e8tes qui le regardaient d&#039;un point de vue plein de foi et d&#039;espoir. Le po\u00e8te \u00e9gyptien Naguib Sorour d\u00e9peint la sc\u00e8ne de la Derni\u00e8re C\u00e8ne entre le Christ et ses disciples sous forme documentaire dans le po\u00e8me \u00ab La C\u00e8ne \u00bb de son recueil \u00ab La n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 du n\u00e9cessaire \u00bb, et il dit :<\/p>\n<p>Demain je serai avec la croix, je suis l&#039;\u00e9poux\/ Nous te rach\u00e8terons avec du sang, Ma\u00eetre... avec des \u00e2mes\/ Ne jure pas, car il me livrera \u00e0 celui d&#039;entre vous qui partage le bain avec moi\/ Suis-je te trahir ?!\/ Tu as dit !!\/ Et moi ?!\/ Tu me renieras trois fois avant que le coq chante\/ Nous jurerons, \u00f4 Christ\u2026\/ Ne jure pas, demain je serai sur la croix.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019une des choses les plus merveilleuses qui aient \u00e9t\u00e9 dites \u00e0 ce sujet est un po\u00e8me, comme s\u2019il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une pri\u00e8re chr\u00e9tienne, du po\u00e8te soudanais Muhammad al-Fitouri, intitul\u00e9 \u00ab R\u00e9surrection \u00bb, dans lequel le po\u00e8te loue le Christ en disant : Bienheureux soient-ils. tes pas...\/ \u00d4 toi qui viendras sur cette terre, p\u00e9n\u00e9trant la montagne du myst\u00e8re\/ Ton aura sacr\u00e9e autour de toi\/ La gloire des cieux autour de toi\/ Tu viens, comme tu es venu avant\/ Lavant de nous le crime et la st\u00e9rilit\u00e9 \/ Ici tu touches tes morts\u2026\/ Secouant leurs corps de la poussi\u00e8re des ann\u00e9es\/ B\u00e9nissant leurs jours\u2026 Tu deviens majestueux de tristesse\/ Ton c\u0153ur ne germe pas de haine\/ Ta gloire n&#039;h\u00e9rite pas de la mort\/ Ton visage ne porte pas d&#039;orgueil .<\/p>\n<p>Puis le po\u00e8te prie le Christ en disant : \u00d4 \u00eatre humain divin\/ qui as vaincu la haine, la mort et l&#039;orgueil\/ souris \u00e0 ceux qui ont fini en toi\/ et ont commenc\u00e9 en toi\/ dis ta parole\u2026 sois leur esp\u00e9rance\u2026\/ r\u00e9ponds \u00e0 tes interlocuteurs\u2026 toi qui a donn\u00e9 ton sang\u2026\/ du vin et du salut pour leurs \u00e2mes\/ Et tu as pleur\u00e9 pour tes assassins !!<\/p>\n<p>Nous sommes limit\u00e9s en espace pour pr\u00e9senter tous les aspects du symbole de la croix dans la po\u00e9sie arabe moderne. Il nous suffit de dire que le Christ appara\u00eet \u00e0 travers toute cr\u00e9ation artistique ou litt\u00e9raire sublime, a fortiori lorsqu&#039;il est lui-m\u00eame le sujet de cette cr\u00e9ation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00c0 propos de mon bulletin paroissial<br \/>dimanche 12 septembre 2004<br \/>Num\u00e9ro 37<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0651 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