{"id":1976,"date":"2010-04-26T18:21:36","date_gmt":"2010-04-26T18:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/spiritual-fathers-and-mothers\/patriarch-gregory-iv-haddad-of-antioch\/"},"modified":"2010-04-26T18:21:36","modified_gmt":"2010-04-26T18:21:36","slug":"patriarch-gregory-iv-haddad-of-antioch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/it\/saints-and-fathers\/spiritual-fathers-and-mothers\/patriarch-gregory-iv-haddad-of-antioch\/","title":{"rendered":"Gregorio IV, patriarca di Antiochia e di tutto l'Oriente"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chi \u00e8 lui?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Il suo nome originariamente era Ghantus il Fabbro. \u00c8 il figlio di Girgis bin Ghantous di Abiy, uno dei villaggi dell'ovest (Monte Libano), e Hind bint Assaf Salim della vicina Kfarshima. Nacque il 1 luglio 1859 d.C. e crebbe nel villaggio di suo padre, Abay. In seguito fu descritto come di media statura, viso chiaro, pelle bianca, capelli biondi, bell'aspetto, mani morbide, occhi sporgenti, sorridente, mite e dal cuore puro.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

La sua educazione<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fin dall'infanzia, Ghantous mostr\u00f2 segni di intelligenza, poich\u00e9 aveva una fronte ampia, una mente acuta e una rapida comprensione, quindi i suoi genitori erano interessati a iscriverlo alla American Abiyah School, dove complet\u00f2 i suoi studi primari (1872 d.C.). Successivamente si \u00e8 trasferito al Collegio ortodosso delle Tre Lune di Beirut, dove ha completato gli studi secondari. Quando il signor Gabriel Chatila, arcivescovo di Beirut e del Libano (1870-1901), lo not\u00f2, lo iscrisse al suo seminario adiacente alla Cattedrale di San Giorgio.<\/p>\n

La sua ordinazione e promozione<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ghantos indoss\u00f2 una veste monastica e fu chiamato \u201cGregorius\u201d il 19 dicembre 1877. Prese il sole il 29 agosto 1879. Fu sacerdote il 6 maggio 1890. Vescovo di Tripoli il 10 maggio dello stesso anno. Finalmente sei stato benedetto il 5 giugno 1906.<\/p>\n

Il suo servizio di diacono<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dopo che Gontos serv\u00ec il suo insegnante, il signor Gabriel, come scriba per quattro anni, da quando aveva sedici anni, il suo vescovo lo nomin\u00f2 diacono e gli assegn\u00f2 molti incarichi ecclesiastici, nonostante la sua giovinezza. Era interessato a fondare il giornale \u201cAl-Hadiya\u201d, supervision\u00f2 la stampa del libro \u201cLa tromba evangelica\u201d e \u201cPreghiere e salmi\u201d e lavor\u00f2 nel trasferire molti sermoni e articoli dal greco all\u2019arabo, che pubblic\u00f2 su \u201cAl-Hadiya\u201d. giornale Hadiya\u201d. Fond\u00f2 anche una biblioteca nella Casa Arcivescovile, nella quale conserv\u00f2 libri e manoscritti preziosi, e rappresent\u00f2 il Patriarca nella Societ\u00e0 di San Paolo Apostolo. Con il suo entusiasmo l'associazione venne promossa e i suoi membri iniziarono a girare il Paese, lavorando per diffondere la cultura della fede tra la gente.<\/p>\n

L'ho servito come vescovo<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gregorio fu scelto come vescovo di Tripoli all'et\u00e0 di quarantuno anni, in seguito alla morte del tripolitano signor Sofronio (il falegname). Ha portato la diocesi al porto della fraternit\u00e0 e della riconciliazione dopo lunghe controversie.<\/p>\n

Durante questa fase, che dur\u00f2 sedici anni della sua vita, Gregorio si interess\u00f2, tra le altre cose, a fondare la Fratellanza ortodossa di Tripoli per prendersi cura dei bisognosi, istituire una biblioteca nella Casa arcivescovile e rinnovare la Scuola Bkeftin, dopo che era stata sospeso per qualche tempo. Si occup\u00f2 anche della Scuola Clericale di Balamand e vi port\u00f2 eccellenti coristi per insegnarvi il canto bizantino. La dot\u00f2 anche di una biblioteca e riforn\u00ec di libri e manoscritti le biblioteche dei monasteri di Nuria, Hamatoura e Kaftoun.<\/p>\n

L'ho servito come patriarca<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gregorio il Beato succedette al Patriarca Melezio di Domani dopo la sua morte. Aveva quarantasette anni. Una delle cose pi\u00f9 notevoli accadute durante i suoi giorni fu il ritorno della pace tra la sede di Antiochia da un lato e le sedi di Costantinopoli, Gerusalemme e Alessandria dall'altro. L'atmosfera si era incupita e i rapporti tra i due gruppi si erano interrotti dopo che i locali riuscirono a portare Meletius di Doumani alla guida del Patriarcato nel 1899 senza coloro che lo nominavano dall'estero, a Istanbul, a Gerusalemme e insieme, dal momento che l'anno 1724.<\/p>\n

Come patriarca, Gregorio rafforz\u00f2 le scuole, soprattutto Balamand, dopo che il suo predecessore le aveva aperte all'inizio del 1900. Nel 1909 fond\u00f2 anche la rivista Al-Naama. Cerc\u00f2 di muovere la ruota del rinascimento in tutta la sede di Antiochia e visit\u00f2 molti dei suoi luoghi.<\/p>\n

Nel 1913 Gregorio presiedette le celebrazioni religiose tenutesi a Pietroburgo in occasione del trecentesimo anniversario del regno della famiglia Romanov in Russia. Al suo ritorno port\u00f2 con s\u00e9 alcune decine di monaci russi e affid\u00f2 loro la gestione del monastero patriarcale di Sant'Elia Shoya. I cristiani della regione rimasero colpiti dalla piet\u00e0 di questi monaci, dal loro ascetismo, dalla loro mitezza, dal loro puro amore cristiano e dalla loro attivit\u00e0. Ma tornarono e lasciarono il Libano nel 1915 dopo la prima guerra mondiale.<\/p>\n

Durante questa guerra (1914 - 1918), l'amore e la compassione del Patriarca per i poveri, i malati e gli oppressi divennero evidenti, cos\u00ec apr\u00ec le porte del suo cuore e del patriarcato a tutti i bisognosi, a qualunque religione appartenessero, non fece alcuna differenza, finch\u00e9 non fu chiamato \u201cPadre dei poveri\u201d. Ha molte imprese, notizie e testimonianze al riguardo che hanno avuto ampia diffusione e continuano ancora oggi.<\/p>\n

Nella primavera del 1920, in seguito alla Conferenza di Damasco, che richiese l'indipendenza naturale della Siria e dei suoi notabili e i notabili giurarono fedelt\u00e0 a Faisal come suo re, il Patriarca fu in prima linea tra coloro che giurarono fedelt\u00e0. Quando i francesi prevalsero e Faisal fu costretto a lasciare Damasco, nel luglio dello stesso anno, Gregorio fu l'unico che and\u00f2 a salutarlo, per preservare l'alleanza e rispettare il contratto. Gli disse: \u201cQuesta mano che ti ha giurato fedelt\u00e0 rimarr\u00e0 nel patto per sempre\u201d. Tutto ci\u00f2 che re Faisal poteva fare era baciarla mentre piangeva.<\/p>\n

La sua preghiera, il digiuno e l'amore<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Se la preghiera \u00e8 il segreto e lo specchio del credente, allora il Patriarca Gregorio IV, come sembrava agli uomini del suo tempo, era un eccellente uomo di preghiera. Non abbiamo notizie molto dettagliate a riguardo, ma solo campioni. Si racconta di lui che durante la prima guerra mondiale, la sera in uno dei caseifici, incontr\u00f2 donne musulmane che lamentavano la fame, dicendo: \u201cVogliamo il pane, padre dei poveri. Vogliamo il pane per i nostri bambini affamati!\u201d Ritorn\u00f2 allora alla Casa Patriarcale e ordin\u00f2 che fossero distribuiti loro dei viveri da parte del Patriarcato, poi si chiuse dentro, inginocchiandosi e pregando dalle quattro del pomeriggio alle undici di sera. Quando il cuoco del Patriarcato venne da lui offrendogli di preparare due uova fritte nel burro chiarificato insieme ad una pagnotta e un pezzo di dolce, lui rispose: \u201cNon \u00e8 appropriato che io mangi mentre gli altri muoiono di fame!\u201d Poi ordin\u00f2 che il suo cibo fosse dato al primo povero che il giorno dopo passasse davanti al Patriarcato.<\/p>\n

Il Patriarca era in ritardo di un giorno per il pasto, quindi il cuoco gli prepar\u00f2 una porzione speciale. Quando venne e not\u00f2 che ci\u00f2 che gli veniva preparato era pi\u00f9 buono di quello che veniva servito agli altri, disse subito: \u201cDammi quello che hai offerto ai miei fratelli!\u201d<\/p>\n

Una volta, quando era ora di mangiare, ed era ora di digiunare, il cuoco gli port\u00f2 la colazione. Nel frattempo, i bambini facevano rumore nella piazza del Patriarcato, cos\u00ec chiese cosa avevano e gli fu detto che erano poveri e affamati, cos\u00ec li chiam\u00f2 e diede loro il suo cibo.<\/p>\n

Del patriarca Gregorio si diceva che pregasse senza annoiarsi e digiunasse senza lamentarsi. Poich\u00e9 la sua salute peggior\u00f2 con la vecchiaia, insistette per aderire alla sua austerit\u00e0 fino alla fine.<\/p>\n

Il Patriarca andava spesso dai membri del suo seguito, chiedendo loro perdono per ci\u00f2 che aveva fatto, per non lasciare che il sole tramontasse sulla sua rabbia.<\/p>\n

Era solito svegliare coloro che dormivano nel Patriarcato per recitare con loro di buon'ora le preghiere dell'alba.<\/p>\n

D'altra parte, il patriarca Gregorio trattava i suoi sacerdoti, soprattutto i poveri, con grande gentilezza paterna. Quando i bisognosi tra loro si presentavano a lui con abiti logori, donava loro il meglio di ci\u00f2 che aveva e teneva per s\u00e9 i pezzi strappati, rattoppandoli lui stesso e appiattendosi i sandali con le sue stesse mani. Il seguito del Patriarca fu costretto, per misura, a nascondergli alcuni dei suoi abiti sacerdotali affinch\u00e9 non li donasse anche ai bisognosi.<\/p>\n

Nei primi giorni della guerra Gregorio apr\u00ec le porte del Patriarcato a tutti, senza discriminazioni. Si dice che abbia preso in prestito ingenti somme di denaro per nutrire gli affamati. Una delle sue novit\u00e0 a riguardo \u00e8 che possedeva una croce di diamanti che gli fu regalata dallo Zar di Russia, Nicola II. Questo fu ipotecato dal Patriarca a un gioielliere ebreo damasceno per mille lire ottomane. Uno dei ricchi musulmani se ne accorse, riscatt\u00f2 il mutuo e lo restitu\u00ec al patriarca. Allora il Patriarca lo prese e lo vendette di nuovo senza che nessuno lo sapesse, e ne conserv\u00f2 uno simile, di vetro. Ci\u00f2 non fu noto al popolo della Casa Patriarcale se non dopo la sua morte.<\/p>\n

Il Patriarca andava in giro con i suoi diaconi e i suoi sacerdoti, radunando coloro che giacevano nei vicoli verso la Casa Patriarcale e la scuola di fronte ad essa, e provvedendo al loro sostentamento. Spesso li dava da mangiare con la mano.<\/p>\n

Si dice che quando scoppi\u00f2 l'epidemia di colera e Gregorio era vescovo di Tripoli, non fugg\u00ec dalla citt\u00e0, ma cominci\u00f2 a visitare i malati, a consolare gli afflitti e a mostrare compassione verso i poveri. Quando i suoi amici lo hanno esortato ad andarsene, ha risposto: \u201cLa mia vita non \u00e8 migliore di quella di chi non pu\u00f2 sfuggire all\u2019epidemia!\u201d<\/p>\n

Un giorno seppe che il Patriarcato era rimasto senza farina tranne un sacco, e i servi decisero di cuocerla e distribuirla agli ortodossi e a nessun altro. Allora li raccolse, prese con le mani una pagnotta, la rigir\u00f2, poi li guard\u00f2 e disse: \u201cNon ho trovato nessuna scritta sul pane che dicesse che era per i romani e per nessun altro!\u201d Ordin\u00f2 subito di distribuire il pane a tutti i poveri senza distinzione.<\/p>\n

Un giorno un mendicante chiese al Patriarca una buona azione, e uno dei seminaristi che lo accompagnavano gli disse: Qual \u00e8 la tua setta? Il Patriarca lo rimprover\u00f2 dicendo: Gli negheresti la carit\u00e0 se appartenesse ad una setta diversa dalla tua? Non \u00e8 abbastanza umiliante per lui il fatto che ti abbia teso la mano per implorarti di umiliarlo chiedendoti della sua fede?! Detto questo, tir\u00f2 fuori dei soldi dalla tasca e glieli diede, e se ne and\u00f2 felice e felice.<\/p>\n

Il patriarca una volta era a Zahle. Dopo la Messa Divina, un uomo druso gli si \u00e8 avvicinato e gli ha chiesto la carit\u00e0, ma il Patriarca non ha trovato nulla da dargli, quindi si \u00e8 scusato e lo ha congedato. L'uomo si era appena allontanato quando il proprietario della casa che ospitava il patriarca gli pag\u00f2 cinque lire d'oro Gregorio chiam\u00f2 il druso e gli diede ci\u00f2 che il Signore gli aveva donato, dicendo: Dio ha mandato per noi e per te!<\/p>\n

D'altra parte, \u00e8 stato menzionato una volta, secondo il racconto del diacono Theodosius Mutlaq, che durante la Divina Messa, mentre il Patriarca era seduto sulla sua sedia, il diacono usc\u00ec con il Vangelo e non c'era nessuna candela davanti a lui perch\u00e9 l\u00ec non c'era nessuno a portarlo. Il patriarca non ebbe altra scelta che scendere dalla sedia, prendere una candela e camminare con essa davanti al diacono, portando la Bibbia.<\/p>\n

Si sdrai\u00f2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Il Patriarca Gregorio IV spir\u00f2 nel Souk El Gharb alle cinque del mattino di mercoled\u00ec 12 dicembre 1928. La sua salute aveva cominciato a peggiorare tre giorni prima, mentre il Santo Sinodo stava per concludere una delle sue sessioni. Si dice che le sue ultime parole siano state: \u201cSono stato paziente fino alla fine!\u201d<\/p>\n

Il suo corpo fu trasportato via Beirut a Damasco, e lo ricevettero cinquantamila musulmani damasceni non cristiani. L'artiglieria spar\u00f2 un centinaio di proiettili mentre la folla gridava: \u201cAbu al-Faqir, il patriarca dei cristiani e l'imam dei musulmani, ha. morto." Il grande disastro si \u00e8 abbattuto sugli arabi!<\/p>\n

Il re Faisal I dell'Iraq ha partecipato con un centinaio di cavalieri che hanno ricevuto la sua bara. Al funerale ha partecipato anche un gran numero di sceicchi musulmani.<\/p>\n

Il Mufti della Bekaa, Muhammad Amin Qazun, ha detto sulla sua bara: \u201cSe la nostra religione ci avesse permesso di riconoscere un profeta dopo Maometto, avrei detto: \u2018Tu sei lui!\u2019\u201d Si diceva che i musulmani volessero pregare per lui nella Grande Moschea degli Omayyadi.<\/p>\n

Uno dei mercanti musulmani damasceni spruzzava vestiti e gridava a squarciagola: \u201cQuesto santo ha sostenuto me e la mia famiglia durante la guerra\u201d.<\/p>\n

Il corpo del patriarca fu sepolto nel cimitero dei patriarchi davanti alla Cattedrale Mariamiana.<\/p>\n

Sui santi dimenticati nell'eredit\u00e0 antiochena (*)<\/a> Dell'archimandrita Touma Bitar<\/p>\n

(*)<\/a> Abbiamo derivato i suoi elementi dai seguenti riferimenti:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Rustam, Asad. Chiesa della Grande Citt\u00e0 di Dio, Antiochia, Parte III. pp. 326-380.<\/li>\n
  2. Il Tri-Misericordioso Gregorio, Patriarca di Antiochia e di tutto l'Oriente. Compilato e coordinato dal novizio Samir Fayyad. Latakia<\/li>\n
  3. Patriarca Gregorio IV (Haddad). Un articolo inedito preparato da Joseph Zaitoun, Segretario dei Documenti Patriarcali.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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