{"id":2293,"date":"2010-05-16T17:40:21","date_gmt":"2010-05-16T17:40:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/ya\/st-john-the-holy-glorious-prophet-forerunner-and-baptist\/"},"modified":"2026-02-19T02:26:05","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T01:26:05","slug":"st-john-the-holy-glorious-prophet-forerunner-and-baptist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/it\/saints-and-fathers\/ya\/st-john-the-holy-glorious-prophet-forerunner-and-baptist\/","title":{"rendered":"Giovanni Battista, il glorioso precursore"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"IlSan Giovanni Battista \u00e8 l'unica figura, dopo la Madre di Dio, Santa Maria, alla quale la Chiesa ha dedicato pi\u00f9 feste all'anno: il suo concepimento, la sua nascita, la decapitazione, memoria della sua nascita e memoria della presenza di la sua testa (tre volte), il 23 settembre, commemorazione del suo concepimento, e il 7 gennaio, una memoria per lui dopo la festa dell'Epifania, il 24 giugno, commemorazione della sua nascita, e il 29 agosto, commemorazione di. la sua decapitazione... Questo \u00e8 ci\u00f2 che indica la sua importanza nella storia della Chiesa e l'influenza dei credenti per la sua distinta personalit\u00e0, che ha fatto s\u00ec che la Chiesa gli attribuisse molti titoli, poich\u00e9 \u00e8 l'angelo inviato, il profeta, il precursore, il tintore, colui che invita al pentimento, il geloso, il testimone e il testimoniato per lui.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Il nome Giovanni in ebraico significa \u201cDio \u00e8 compassionevole\u201d o, in altre parole, \u201cDio \u00e8 compassionevole\u201d. La tenerezza \u00e8 uno dei valori della paternit\u00e0 e della maternit\u00e0. Per l'intercessione di San Giovanni, o Dio, nostro Padre, abbi compassione di noi e abbi piet\u00e0 di noi.<\/p>\n

\u00abFra i figli delle donne non \u00e8 apparso pi\u00f9 grande di Giovanni il Battista... E io vi dico che egli \u00e8 migliore di un profeta, perch\u00e9 di questi \u00e8 colui del quale sta scritto: Ecco, io mando davanti a voi il mio messaggero preparate la via davanti a voi\u201d (Matteo 11,9-11). Cos\u00ec Ges\u00f9 presenta Giovanni.<\/p>\n

Giovanni nacque da due genitori giusti, il sacerdote Zaccaria e sua moglie Elisabetta (Luca 1:5). Erano entrambi molto vecchi e non avevano figli, ed Elisabetta era sterile (Luca 1:7). Un giorno, mentre Zaccaria svolgeva il suo servizio sacerdotale, gli apparve un angelo del Signore e gli diede la buona notizia che Elisabetta avrebbe dato alla luce un figlio, e il suo nome si sarebbe chiamato Giovanni, e sarebbe stato grande davanti agli Signore... Sarebbe stato pieno di Spirito Santo mentre era nel grembo di sua madre, e avrebbe restituito molti figli d'Israele al Signore loro Dio, e avrebbe camminato davanti a lui e in lui era lo spirito e la potenza di Elia....Guida i disobbedienti alla saggezza dei giusti e prepara un popolo preparato al Signore (Lc 1,13-18).<\/p>\n

\"BattesimoZaccaria rimase stupito e chiese all'angelo di dargli un segno (Lc 1,18). L'angelo gli rispose: \u201cIo sono Gabriele, che sto davanti a Dio, sono stato mandato a te per parlarti e per condurti buona notizia di queste cose: diventerai muto e non potrai parlare fino ad oggi. Ci\u00f2 avviene perch\u00e9 non hai creduto alle mie parole, ed esse avverranno a loro tempo\u00bb. :19-20). Ci\u00f2 che l'angelo aveva detto si ademp\u00ec e Zaccaria lasci\u00f2 il tempio e non poteva parlare (Luca 1:22), ed Elisabetta rimase incinta (Luca 1:24). Dopo sei mesi, la sua parente Maria, la madre di Ges\u00f9, and\u00f2 da Elisabetta ed entr\u00f2 nella casa di Zaccaria e salut\u00f2 Elisabetta. All'udire il suo saluto, il bambino le sussult\u00f2 nel grembo e lei fu piena di Spirito Santo con l'acuto della sua voce: \u00abBenedetta sei tu fra le donne e benedetto \u00e8 il frutto del tuo seno... Appena la voce del tuo saluto \u00e8 giunta ai miei orecchi, il bambino ha sussultato di gioia nel mio grembo\u00bb (Lc 1,39-). 44).<\/p>\n

L\u2019ottavo giorno, poco dopo la nascita del bambino, fu chiamato Giovanni (Lc 1,57-63), come aveva detto l\u2019angelo (Lc 1,13). Il bambino crebbe e il suo spirito si rafforz\u00f2 e risiedette nel deserto fino al giorno in cui il suo comando fu rivelato a Israele (Luca 1:80). L'abito di Giovanni era fatto di pelo di cammello e una cintura di cuoio intorno alla vita. Il suo cibo erano locuste e miele selvatico (Matteo 3:4).<\/p>\n

La prima cosa che apprendiamo su Giovanni nella Sacra Bibbia \u00e8 che predisse la venuta di Ges\u00f9 Cristo e l'avvicinarsi del Regno dei Cieli. Gridava: \u00abConvertitevi, perch\u00e9 il regno dei cieli \u00e8 vicino\u00bb (Matteo 3,2), annunciando cos\u00ec la venuta di Cristo: \u00abDopo di me viene uno pi\u00f9 forte di me, uno di cui non sono degno di chinarmi i lacci delle scarpe. e allentare. Io vi ho battezzato con acqua, ma lui vi battezza con lo Spirito Santo\u00bb (Mc 1,7-8). Giovanni \u00e8 l'ultimo profeta dell'Antico Testamento. \u00c8 l'ultimo della serie di profeti che hanno parlato della venuta di Cristo Salvatore.<\/p>\n

Uno dei compiti principali di Giovanni \u00e8 preparare il popolo a ricevere il Messia che verr\u00e0. In questo contesto, Giovanni \u00e8 l'angelo di cui parla la profezia di Malachia: \u00abEcco, io mando davanti a me il mio messaggero ed egli preparer\u00e0 la via davanti a me\u00bb (3,1), mentre nel Vangelo di Matteo si afferma: \u00abEcco, io mando il mio messaggero davanti a te, per preparare la tua strada davanti a te\u00bb (11,10). Va notato che la sostituzione del pronome della seconda persona con il pronome della prima persona nel versetto \u00e8 la prova della completa uguaglianza che esiste tra il Padre e il Figlio. Pertanto, la Chiesa raffigura Giovanni nelle sue icone come un angelo inviato da Dio: \u00abE vi era un uomo mandato da Dio, il cui nome era Giovanni\u00bb (1,6).<\/p>\n

Giovanni \u00e8 il primo testimone della venuta di Cristo, e cos\u00ec dice di lui san Giovanni evangelista all'inizio del suo Vangelo: \u00abEgli (Giovanni) \u00e8 venuto come testimone per rendere testimonianza alla luce, perch\u00e9 tutti gli uomini credere nella sua testimonianza\u201d (1:8). Questa testimonianza di Cristo fu completata dopo il suo battesimo da parte di Giovanni, dove Giovanni testimoni\u00f2 dicendo: \u201cVidi lo Spirito scendere dal cielo come una colomba e posarsi su di lui. Non lo conoscevo, ma colui che mi ha mandato a battezzare in acqua mi ha detto: Colui sul quale vedrai scendere e posarsi lo Spirito, \u00e8 colui che battezza in Spirito Santo. E ho visto e rendo testimonianza che egli \u00e8 il Figlio di Dio\u00bb (Gv 1,32-34). Giovanni testimonia qui che Dio, che lo mand\u00f2 (Giovanni 1:6) a battezzare nel Giordano, gli disse che colui sul quale sarebbe disceso lo Spirito Santo era Cristo, e lui vide, credette e testimoni\u00f2.<\/p>\n

\"IlGiovanni \u00e8 anche un esempio di studente fedele che si astiene dall'autorit\u00e0 e da tutte le glorie di questo mondo mortale. Ha invitato i suoi discepoli a lasciarlo e ad unirsi a Cristo. Non si cre\u00f2 seguaci, ma prepar\u00f2 i suoi discepoli ad essere seguaci soltanto di Cristo. Diceva di Cristo: \u201cEcco l\u2019Agnello di Dio, che toglie il peccato del mondo\u201d. Questo \u00e8 ci\u00f2 di cui ho detto: Dopo di me viene un uomo che mi ha preceduto, perch\u00e9 era prima di me\u201d (Gv 1,29-30). Sulla base di queste parole, Giovanni chiese ai suoi discepoli di seguire Ges\u00f9, cos\u00ec loro lo seguirono (Giovanni 1:37). L'ultima testimonianza su Ges\u00f9 la d\u00e0 Giovanni Battista quando dice: \u201cDeve crescere. Devo diventare pi\u00f9 piccolo\u201d (Giovanni 3:30). Cio\u00e8 questo santo non voleva diventare cos\u00ec arrogante da oscurare Ges\u00f9, ma piuttosto umili\u00f2 se stesso e divenne arrogante con la sua umilt\u00e0 e mise in risalto Cristo alla gente. Questo ha motivo di gioia nell'essere cancellato affinch\u00e9 Cristo possa apparire come luce al mondo. Lui stesso dice: \u201cChi ha la sposa \u00e8 lo sposo\u201d. Ma l\u2019amico dello sposo che sta in piedi e lo ascolta, esulta grandemente alla voce dello sposo.\u201d (Giovanni 3:29) Lo sposo \u00e8 Cristo e la sposa \u00e8 la chiesa, e Giovanni si rallegra per i novelli sposi affinch\u00e9 anche lui possa farlo. ottenere la corona della gloria.<\/p>\n

La missione di Giovanni \u00e8 strettamente legata al pentimento. Lo vediamo sottolineare il pentimento come base per entrare nel Regno dei Cieli: \u201cConvertitevi, perch\u00e9 il Regno dei Cieli \u00e8 vicino\u201d. La preparazione della via a Cristo deve esprimersi anche nel pentimento del popolo che si appresta ad accoglierlo: \u00abUna voce che grida nel deserto: Preparate la via del Signore e raddrizzate i suoi sentieri\u00bb (Lc 3,4). Per questo diceva alle folle che si avvicinavano a lui per farsi battezzare da lui: \u00abFate dunque frutti che indicano la vostra conversione\u00bb (Lc 3,8).<\/p>\n

In quel tempo, Ges\u00f9 venne dalla Galilea al Giordano per essere battezzato da Giovanni, e mentre usciva dall'acqua, Giovanni vide i cieli aprirsi e lo Spirito discendere su di lui come una colomba (Marco 1,9-10) , e Giovanni disse: \u201cQuesto \u00e8 l'Agnello di Dio che toglie il peccato del mondo... Io non lo conoscevo, ma sono venuto solo a battezzare in acqua perch\u00e9 la sua cosa fosse resa nota a Israele. .. E colui che mi ha mandato a battezzare in acqua mi ha detto: Colui sul quale vedi scendere e posarsi lo Spirito \u00e8 colui che \u00e8 battezzato nello Spirito Santo. E ho visto e rendo testimonianza che egli \u00e8 il Figlio di Dio\u00bb (Gv 1,29-34).<\/p>\n

Giovanni stava rimproverando Erode Antipa, il tetrarca (governatore della Galilea), che aveva preso la moglie di suo fratello Erodiade violando la legge. Giovanni stava dicendo a Erode: "Non ti \u00e8 lecito prendere la moglie di tuo fratello" (Marco 6 :18). Per questo motivo, Erode ordin\u00f2 che Giovanni fosse imprigionato (Luca 3:20), ed Erodiade voleva ucciderlo, ma non poteva (Marco 6:19). Quando Erode celebr\u00f2 l'anniversario della sua nascita, la figlia di Erodiade, Salome, danz\u00f2 davanti a lui la festa, Erode rimase colpito, perci\u00f2 le giur\u00f2 che le avrebbe dato tutto ci\u00f2 che avesse chiesto. Cos\u00ec ha chiesto a sua madre e lei le ha detto di chiedere la testa di John. Allora Erode mand\u00f2 un ciambellano a tagliare la testa di Giovanni. La testa fu portata su un piatto e lui la diede alla ragazza, e la ragazza la diede a sua madre. La notizia giunse ai discepoli di Giovanni, che vennero, presero il suo corpo e lo deposero nel sepolcro (6,17-29).<\/p>\n

Nell'annuncio dell'angelo a Zaccaria, il padre di Giovanni, l'angelo dice di Giovanni: \u00abSar\u00e0 grande davanti al Signore, non berr\u00e0 n\u00e9 vino n\u00e9 bevanda inebriante e sar\u00e0 pieno di Spirito Santo mentre sar\u00e0 grembo di sua madre e ricondurr\u00e0 molti figli d'Israele al Signore loro Dio e camminer\u00e0 davanti a lui (...) e preparer\u00e0 per il Signore un popolo preparato\u00bb (Lc 1,15-17). Ci\u00f2 che disse l\u2019angelo inviato da Dio a Zaccaria, annunciandogli la notizia di Giovanni, \u00e8 la migliore sintesi dell\u2019intera vita di Giovanni. Beato ogni essere umano che pu\u00f2 imitare Giovanni in termini di chiamata, testimonianza, pentimento e preparazione costante.<\/p>\n

La sua immagine nel nostro servizio liturgico e il suo posto nelle nostre disposizioni ecclesiali:<\/p>\n

Il nobile e glorioso antico Profeta, al servizio dell'Epifania, \u00e8 via celeste per la Trinit\u00e0, lampada nel corpo, ramo per le sterili e amico della vergine Maria. \u00c8 l'amore dell'anima e la confusione della grazia che parlano di Dio, e un vaso onorevole di completa purezza senza passione. Era adorno della sapienza di Dio e risplendeva con le lampade delle virt\u00f9 soprannaturali, e mostrava l'immagine della restaurazione della sostanza. \u00c8 considerato lo status pi\u00f9 alto dei profeti e il pi\u00f9 grande nato dalle donne. Questo \u00e8 secondo la testimonianza del Signore Ges\u00f9 stesso (Matteo 11). Egli \u00e8 il mediatore tra l'Antico e il Nuovo Testamento e la conclusione dei Profeti (la Preghiera Magica - la Sesta Valle), distinguendosi allo stesso tempo dalla legge e dalla grazia, concludendo la prima e concludendo la seconda (la Preghiera Magica e la Nona Valle), conclusione della Legge e primizia della nuova grazia (la Preghiera Magica - la Settima Valle). \u00c8 uguale agli angeli con la sua vita strana, e ha santificato la sua vita come un angelo sulla terra e ha vissuto nel deserto \u201cfin dai tempi delle fasce\u201d (Preghiera di Mashar - Zakas Al-Anius). Inoltre, gettandosi nel grembo (Lc 1,44), preannuncia felice il frutto verginale nel seno di Maria e si prostra davanti ad esso (le prime valli). Il glorioso Precursore della Chiesa, dopo la sua testimonianza, rimane un Precursore di Cristo nella vita dei credenti di ogni generazione. \u00c8 un modello di ascetismo, verginit\u00e0 e vita di pentimento e divinit\u00e0. \u00c8 il capo dei monaci e l\u2019abitante della terra desolata che non smette mai di prepararsi per la venuta del Signore a noi\u201d. Preparate la via del Signore. Rendi diritti i suoi sentieri\u201d. Seguendo la sua immagine, che invita al pentimento, ci prepariamo bene a ricevere e ad attivare il santo battesimo, e conserviamo, nella sua linea ascetica e ascetica, la grazia di Dio immagazzinata nel battesimo e la sviluppiamo finch\u00e9 il Signore Ges\u00f9 Cristo non si stabilisce completamente in noi nella pienezza della sua gloriosa risurrezione.<\/p>\n

In passato, la Chiesa gli cantava, nella festa della Divina Epifania, il seguente troupe: \u00abO precursore, o profeta del deserto e abitante delle terre selvagge, o Colui che ascoltasti la voce divina del Padre e merit\u00f2 di battezzare il Figlio e Maestro, che vide con i propri occhi lo Spirito Santo e trasmise a tutti il battesimo della penitenza. \u2026\u2026.. Anche per noi peccatori la guarigione mediante l\u2019acqua e le vostre preghiere affinch\u00e9 possiamo avere da Cristo la grande e ricca misericordia\u201d.<\/p>\n

Sempre nella festa dell'Epifania il giuramento del Glorioso Precursore fu trasferito da Antiochia a Costantinopoli (X secolo d.C.).<\/p>\n

Tropari nella seconda melodia
Ricordando i giusti con la lode. A te, o precursore, ti basta la testimonianza del Signore, perch\u00e9 in verit\u00e0 sei apparso pi\u00f9 onorevole di tutti i profeti, poich\u00e9 sei stato degno di battezzare nelle fogne colui che era stato predicato, e perci\u00f2 ti sei adoperato volentieri per la verit\u00e0. Hai predicato agli inferi il Dio manifestato nella carne, che toglie il peccato del mondo e ci d\u00e0 grande misericordia.<\/p>\n

Qandaq con la sesta melodia
Il Giordano temeva la tua presenza fisica, cos\u00ec cominci\u00f2 a tremare, e Giovanni si rannicchi\u00f2 per la paura quando complet\u00f2 il suo servizio profetico, e gli ordini degli angeli rimasero stupiti quando videro te battezzato corporalmente nelle fogne, e tutti quelli che erano nelle fogne le tenebre furono illuminate, lodando te, o tu che ogni appari e illumina.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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