{"id":518,"date":"2009-02-20T16:54:01","date_gmt":"2009-02-20T16:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/ephraim-the-syrian\/"},"modified":"2009-02-20T16:54:01","modified_gmt":"2009-02-20T16:54:01","slug":"ephraim-the-syrian","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/pt\/saints-and-fathers\/alef\/ephraim-the-syrian\/","title":{"rendered":"Efr\u00e9m, o S\u00edrio - Efr\u00e9m, o S\u00edrio"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"SantoEfr\u00e9m, o S\u00edrio, ou Efr\u00e9m, o S\u00edrio, ou Efr\u00e9m de Nisibini, ou Efr\u00e9m de Rahawi, apelidado de \u201cA Harpa do Esp\u00edrito Santo\u201d, \u00e9 o mais proeminente pai da Igreja Ortodoxa de l\u00edngua sir\u00edaca e o maior poeta religioso da literatura sir\u00edaca. Efr\u00e9m nasceu por volta do ano 306 na cidade de Nisibis, na Mesopot\u00e2mia. N\u00e3o sabemos nada sobre a sua fam\u00edlia. Alguns confirmam que era crist\u00e3, enquanto outros descartam, sublinhando que o seu pai era um sacerdote pag\u00e3o e que Efr\u00e9m se converteu ao cristianismo quando jovem, e estudou com Jac\u00f3, o seu bispo. cidade e se beneficiou de seu conhecimento e companheirismo.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Jac\u00f3 o ordenou di\u00e1cono evang\u00e9lico e ele manteve seu diaconato durante toda a vida, pregando, ensinando e cantando as mais maravilhosas can\u00e7\u00f5es e a melhor poesia religiosa. Ele deixou Nisibis depois que ela caiu nas m\u00e3os dos persas no ano 363 e viveu em Edessa (Odessa em grego ou Urfa) at\u00e9 que Deus faleceu no ano 373. Foi um importante centro crist\u00e3o e cultural, pois ali se encontraram as culturas grega e sir\u00edaca. . Em Edessa, serviu \u00e0 igreja como di\u00e1cono, pregador que interpretava a B\u00edblia Sagrada, te\u00f3logo que combatia heresias, poeta que compunha can\u00e7\u00f5es espirituais e eremita solit\u00e1rio quando tinha oportunidade. Avram morreu ap\u00f3s ser infectado pela epidemia que destruiu a popula\u00e7\u00e3o da regi\u00e3o de Edessa. A igreja celebra seu memorial em 28 de janeiro.<\/p>\n

\"SantoSuas obras mais importantes, sem d\u00favida, s\u00e3o os diversos c\u00e2nticos e hinos espirituais que comp\u00f4s. Nesta \u00e1rea \u00e9 dif\u00edcil compreender todas as obras de Efr\u00e9m e distinguir as aut\u00eanticas daquelas que lhe s\u00e3o atribu\u00eddas. \u00c9 importante notar que em sir\u00edaco existem dois tipos principais de poesia: memer e midrash. Quanto ao memer, \u00e9 um sistema que \u00e9 lido e n\u00e3o cantado, e seus versos v\u00eam em um tipo de intersec\u00e7\u00e3o, e os versos do memer podem chegar a milhares de versos, ent\u00e3o o memer pode carregar uma variedade de material educativo. Quanto ao midrash, \u00e9 um sistema que \u00e9 cantado em m\u00fasica e seus versos s\u00e3o numerados. Avram se destacou em ambos os estilos e foi, em suas ora\u00e7\u00f5es e madaris, a l\u00edngua da f\u00e9 ortodoxa.<\/p>\n

Dos poemas e hinos comprovados por Efr\u00e9m, citamos: 65 midrash \u201cContra as Heresias\u201d em que o autor atacava os erros dos astr\u00f3logos (as pessoas do s\u00e9culo XXI ainda seguem suas interpreta\u00e7\u00f5es) e de alguns hereges; 78 hinos \u201cSobre a F\u00e9\u201d nos quais atacou os arianos que negaram a divindade de Jesus Cristo, incluindo 51 hinos \u201cSobre o Para\u00edso\u201d nos quais canta o esplendor do c\u00e9u. 12 hinos \u201cSobre P\u00e3es \u00c1zimos\u201d celebrando a paix\u00e3o e ressurrei\u00e7\u00e3o de Cristo; 25 hinos \u201cSobre a Igreja\u201d, 15 hinos \u201cSobre a Virgindade\u201d e outros sobre crucifica\u00e7\u00e3o e jejum.<\/p>\n

Santo Efr\u00e9m \u00e9 famoso como o escritor da Ora\u00e7\u00e3o Penitencial que nos acompanha em todas as ora\u00e7\u00f5es da Grande Quaresma, e pela sua import\u00e2ncia iremos cit\u00e1-la na \u00edntegra:<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00d3 Senhor e Mestre da minha vida, liberte-me do esp\u00edrito de ociosidade e curiosidade, do amor \u00e0 lideran\u00e7a e da conversa fiada, e conceda a mim, seu servo pecador, o esp\u00edrito de castidade, humildade de pensamento, paci\u00eancia e amor. Sim, meu Rei e meu Deus, conceda-me conhecer meus pecados e falhas, e n\u00e3o julgar meus irm\u00e3os, pois voc\u00ea \u00e9 aben\u00e7oado para sempre, Am\u00e9m.\u201d<\/p>\n

Esta ora\u00e7\u00e3o, depois da ora\u00e7\u00e3o do \u201cPai Nosso\u201d, \u00e9 uma ora\u00e7\u00e3o exemplar, pois resume tudo o que permite ao crente rezar e pedir a Deus. Santo Efr\u00e9m pediu em seu testamento: \u201cTrinta dias depois da minha morte oferecereis o santo sacrif\u00edcio por minha causa, porque os mortos se beneficiam dos sacrif\u00edcios oferecidos pelos vivos\u201d. A Missa re\u00fane os mortos e os vivos, porque n\u00e3o h\u00e1 mortos em Cristo. Pela intercess\u00e3o de Santo Efr\u00e9m, que convosco vive, \u00f3 Senhor Jesus, tende piedade de n\u00f3s e salva-nos.<\/p>\n

As can\u00e7\u00f5es de Efr\u00e9m n\u00e3o eram apenas ricas em imagens po\u00e9ticas, mas tamb\u00e9m teol\u00f3gicas e ideologicamente profundas. Por exemplo, ele diz que o Para\u00edso foi restitu\u00eddo \u00e0 humanidade na Igreja, que \u00e9 mais espl\u00eandida e mais bela que o Jardim do \u00c9den, que era apenas uma imagem dela: \u201cPor um lado, Deus plantou o espl\u00eandido Para\u00edso, e por outro por outro lado, Ele construiu a Igreja pura\u201d. Efr\u00e9m cantou a Cristo como o novo Ad\u00e3o que reabriu o Para\u00edso, dizendo: \u201cBem-aventurado aquele que pela sua cruz abriu o para\u00edso\u201d e \u201cbem-aventurado aquele que deleitou Ad\u00e3o\u201d, e tamb\u00e9m: \u201cbem-aventurado aquele que nos libertou para que o seu exemplo n\u00e3o seja capturado\u201d e \u201cbem-aventurado aquele que nos salvou do cativeiro\u201d, e tamb\u00e9m disse \u201cBem-aventurado aquele que conquista o para\u00edso da vida\u201d.<\/p>\n

Trop\u00e1rio<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Para o deserto infrut\u00edfero voc\u00ea derramou torrentes de suas l\u00e1grimas, e com suspiros das profundezas voc\u00ea rendeu frutos cem vezes maiores com seu trabalho. Voc\u00ea se tornou uma estrela para o mundo habitado, brilhando com maravilhas, \u00f3 nosso justo pai Efr\u00e9m, ent\u00e3o interceda junto a Cristo Deus para salvar nossas almas.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":516,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"2785,2590,552,5200,644,2783,2716,1155,1914,2784,2623,2780","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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