{"id":2282,"date":"2010-05-16T09:34:51","date_gmt":"2010-05-16T09:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/ya\/st-james-brother-of-the-lord\/"},"modified":"2026-02-19T02:26:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T01:26:12","slug":"st-james-brother-of-the-lord","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/ro\/saints-and-fathers\/ya\/st-james-brother-of-the-lord\/","title":{"rendered":"Iacov, fratele Domnului, primul episcop al Ierusalimului"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Sf\u00e2ntulBiserica \u00eel s\u0103rb\u0103tore\u0219te pe 23 octombrie \u0219i nu este Apostolul Iacov, fiul lui Alfeu, unul dintre cei Doisprezece. Evanghelia \u00eel men\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca fiind unul dintre cei patru fra\u021bi ai Domnului Isus, iar ceilal\u021bi trei sunt Iosif, Simon \u0219i Iuda (Matei 13:55 \u0219i Marcu 6:3), care nu au crezut \u00een El la \u00eenceput (Ioan 7: 5).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

C\u00e2t despre rela\u021bia acestor fra\u021bi cu Domnul Isus, de la \u00eenceput, a existat mai mult de o explica\u021bie: dup\u0103 unii interlocutori, erau copiii surorii Mariei, sau dup\u0103 unii dintre ei, erau copiii lui Iosif, iar \u00een obiceiul evreiesc ace\u0219tia sunt fra\u021bi. A doua explica\u021bie - care este cea mai comun\u0103 \u00een tradi\u021bie - este c\u0103 ace\u0219tia sunt copiii lui Iosif dintr-o c\u0103s\u0103torie anterioar\u0103, datorit\u0103 credin\u021bei vechilor c\u0103 Iosif era v\u0103duv c\u00e2nd s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit cu Maria.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2t despre ei fiind copiii lui Iosif \u0219i Maria \u00eempreun\u0103, acest lucru nu este posibil deoarece nu exist\u0103 un text care s\u0103 spun\u0103 asta \u0219i din alte motive, inclusiv c\u0103 doi dintre ei sunt copiii Mariei, mama lui Iacov \u0219i Iosif, care a fost printre femeile care priveau de departe la Isus r\u0103stignit: \u201e\u00centre ele se aflau Maria Magdalena \u0219i Maria, mama lui Iacov, Iosif \u0219i Salomee.\u201d (Marcu 15:40).<\/p>\n

De asemenea, \u0219tim c\u0103 cuv\u00e2ntul frate are mai multe \u00een\u021belesuri printre evrei, altele dec\u00e2t rudenia fizic\u0103.Un exemplu \u00een acest sens este \u00een Cartea Genezei, unde este men\u021bionat c\u0103 Avraam este unchiul lui Lot (11:27) \u0219i \u00eentr-un alt loc c\u0103 Avraam este Fratele lui Lot (14:16) Un frate este o rud\u0103 \u00een general. \u00cen Evanghelia dup\u0103 Ioan, \u201e\u0218i st\u0103teau l\u00e2ng\u0103 crucea lui Isus mama lui \u0219i sora mamei sale, Maria, so\u021bia lui Cleopa, \u0219i Maria Magdalena\u201d (19:25), deci cum pot fi dou\u0103 surori cu un singur nume?<\/p>\n

Iacov este scriitorul scrisorii cuprinz\u0103toare \u00eenregistrate \u00een Noul Testament, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele s\u0103u, iar \u00eenceputul ei este \u201eDe la Iacov, slujitorul lui Dumnezeu \u0219i Domnul Isus Hristos, p\u00e2n\u0103 la credincio\u0219i...\u201d Apostolul Pavel \u00eel men\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een scrisoarea sa c\u0103tre Galateni 1:19, pe care o citim ast\u0103zi \u00een ziua s\u0103rb\u0103torii lui: \u201e...M-am suit la Ierusalim s\u0103-l v\u0103d pe Petru \u0219i am stat la el cincisprezece zile \u0219i nu am v\u0103zut al\u021bi apostoli. cu excep\u021bia lui Iacov, fratele Domnului.\u201d \u00cen\u021belegem de aici c\u0103 el a avut o pozi\u021bie important\u0103 printre apostoli.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Cartea Faptele Apostolilor, citim \u00een capitolul al cincisprezecelea c\u00e2nd apostolii \u0219i b\u0103tr\u00e2nii s-au adunat pentru a analiza problema t\u0103ierii \u00eemprejur \u0219i r\u0103spunsul la \u00eentrebarea: Ar trebui s\u0103 fie t\u0103iat \u00eemprejur orice neam care a crezut \u00een Isus sau nu? \u00cen acea zi, Iacov a fost capul grupului din Ierusalim \u0219i a rostit cuv\u00e2ntul decisiv, iar apostolii au fost unanim de acord asupra lui.<\/p>\n

Apostolii l-au ales ca primul episcop al Ierusalimului \u2013 dup\u0103 cum \u0219tim din tradi\u021bie \u2013 \u0219i l-au condus timp de treizeci de ani, propov\u0103duind o veste bun\u0103 iudeilor \u0219i neamurilor \u0219i aduc\u00e2ndu-i la Hristos. Iudeii l-au ur\u00e2t \u0219i, pe c\u00e2nd predica de la \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, c\u0103rturarii \u0219i fariseii l-au \u00eempins \u0219i a c\u0103zut la p\u0103m\u00e2nt, unul dintre ei l-a lovit \u0219i a murit ca un martir.<\/p>\n

Lui i se atribuie \u0219i liturghia \u201eSf\u00e2ntului Iacob Fratele lui Dumnezeu\u201d, despre care oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 cred c\u0103 dateaz\u0103 de la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al IV-lea sau \u00eenceputul secolului al V-lea \u0219i c\u0103 este considerat\u0103 sursa principal\u0103 pentru Liturghia lui Vasile \u0219i a Liturghiei lui Hrisostom, dar a c\u0103zut. de utilizare la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul secolului al XII-lea. De men\u021bionat c\u0103 aceast\u0103 slujb\u0103 se \u021bine o dat\u0103 pe an \u00een Biserica din Ierusalim \u00een ziua s\u0103rb\u0103torii sale.<\/p>\n

Acesta este cel mai proeminent lucru pe care \u00eel deriv\u0103m din Noul Testament despre Apostolul Iacov, fratele Domnului. C\u00e2t despre ceea ce este comun la el, \u00een afar\u0103 de asta, apar\u021bine mo\u0219tenirii. \u00cen tradi\u021bie, el era cunoscut drept Iacov cel Drept, c\u0103 era nazireu \u00eenc\u0103 din copil\u0103rie, c\u0103 a r\u0103mas cast p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul vie\u021bii, c\u0103 era mul\u021bumit cu minimul necesar de m\u00e2ncare \u0219i c\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i petrecea adesea nop\u021bile. \u00een rug\u0103ciune p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd genunchii i-au devenit ca piatra de la \u00eenchinarea excesiv\u0103. Apostolii l-au ales \u00een unanimitate ca primul episcop al Ierusalimului \u0219i a slujit timp de treizeci de ani. Lui i se atribuie cea mai veche liturghie, \u201eLiturghia Sf\u00e2ntului Apostol Iacob\u201d, despre care oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 cred c\u0103 este la originea Sfin\u021bilor Vasile cel Mare \u0219i Ioan Gur\u0103 de Aur. Se spunea c\u0103 a adus mul\u021bi oameni, at\u00e2t evrei, c\u00e2t \u0219i neamuri, la credin\u021ba \u00een Hristos, a\u0219a c\u0103 iudeii l-au ur\u00e2t \u0219i au decis s\u0103 scape de el.<\/p>\n

Sf\u00e2ntul Ieronim a spus despre el: El a propov\u0103duit Evanghelia celor dou\u0103sprezece semin\u021bii ale lui Israel din diaspora. \u00cen tradi\u021bia Bisericii din Spania, Iacov a predicat acolo.<\/p>\n

Odat\u0103 a propov\u0103duit oamenilor de pe acoperi\u0219ul unei case, sau poate dintr-o arip\u0103 a templului, dar c\u0103rturarii \u0219i fariseii au venit la el \u0219i l-au aruncat de la \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, a\u0219a c\u0103 a c\u0103zut la p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i a fost r\u0103nit, dar a f\u0103cut-o. nu mori. Totu\u0219i, un maniac l-a lovit \u00een cap cu un b\u0103\u021b \u0219i a murit \u00een Domnul ca martir la v\u00e2rsta de \u0219aizeci \u0219i trei de ani. Aceasta a fost \u00een anul 62 d.Hr. Mai t\u00e2rziu, evreii evlavio\u0219i au r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit zvonuri c\u0103 asediarea \u0219i demolarea Ierusalimului \u00een al \u0219aptezecilea an a fost pedeapsa lui Dumnezeu pentru uciderea lui.<\/p>\n

Troparia \u00een a treia melodie
O, Sfinte Apostole Iacob, mijloce\u0219te la milostivul Dumnezeu pentru a da sufletelor noastre iertarea p\u0103catelor.<\/p>\n

Qandaq cu a doua melodie
C\u00e2nd ai auzit glasul dumnezeiesc chem\u00e2ndu-te, te-ai ab\u0103tut de la dragostea tat\u0103lui t\u0103u \u0219i te-ai gr\u0103bit spre Hristos \u00eempreun\u0103 cu fratele t\u0103u, sl\u0103vit Iacob, a\u0219a c\u0103 te-ai \u00eenvrednicit s\u0103 m\u0103rturise\u0219ti \u00eempreun\u0103 cu el la manifestarea Domnului dumnezeiesc.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":2281,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"2652,2901,658,1038,552,906,2383,1185,2457,2544,2268,1469","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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