{"id":2456,"date":"2010-07-20T12:13:43","date_gmt":"2010-07-20T12:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/orthodox-library\/biblical-studies-orthodox-library\/gospel-of-mark-read-and-comment\/explain-the-chapter-xii-of-the-gospel-of-mark-v15-1371\/"},"modified":"2010-07-20T12:13:43","modified_gmt":"2010-07-20T12:13:43","slug":"explain-the-chapter-xii-of-the-gospel-of-mark-v15-1371","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/ro\/orthodox-library\/orthodox-biblical-studies\/gospel-of-mark-read-and-comment\/explain-the-chapter-xii-of-the-gospel-of-mark-v15-1371\/","title":{"rendered":"Explica\u021bia capitolului al treisprezecelea din Evanghelia dup\u0103 Marcu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Discurs de alt\u0103 lume:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1 Pe c\u00e2nd ie\u0219ea din templu, unul dintre ucenicii lui i-a zis: \u201e\u00cenv\u0103\u021b\u0103torule, iat\u0103! Ce sunt pietrele astea! \u0218i aceste cl\u0103diri!\u201d 2 Atunci Isus a r\u0103spuns \u0219i i-a zis: \u201eVezi aceste cl\u0103diri mari? \u201eNu va r\u0103m\u00e2ne piatr\u0103 peste alta care s\u0103 nu fie d\u0103r\u00e2mat\u0103.\u201d 3 \u00cen timp ce st\u0103tea pe Muntele M\u0103slinilor, cu fa\u021ba la templu, Petru, Iacov, Ioan \u0219i Andrei l-au \u00eentrebat deoparte: 4 \u201eSpune-ne c\u00e2nd Va fi asta? \u0218i care va fi semnul c\u00e2nd toate acestea se vor \u00eendeplini? 5 Atunci Isus le-a r\u0103spuns \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 spun\u0103: \u201eIat\u0103! S\u0103 nu te induc\u0103 nimeni \u00een eroare. 6 C\u0103ci mul\u021bi vor veni \u00een numele Meu \u0219i vor zice: \u201eEu sunt el!\u201d \u0218i \u00eei induc \u00een eroare pe mul\u021bi. 7 C\u00e2nd ve\u021bi auzi de r\u0103zboaie \u0219i ve\u0219ti despre r\u0103zboaie, nu v\u0103 speria\u021bi, c\u0103ci ele trebuie s\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mple, dar sf\u00e2r\u0219itul nu este \u00eenc\u0103. 8 C\u0103ci se va ridica na\u021biune \u00eempotriva na\u021biunii \u0219i \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103\u021bie \u00eempotriva \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103\u021biei \u0219i vor fi cutremure \u00een diferite locuri \u0219i vor fi foamete \u0219i tulbur\u0103ri. Acesta este \u00eenceputul durerii. 9 Deci, lua\u021bi \u00een considerare voi \u00een\u0219iv\u0103. C\u0103ci ei v\u0103 vor preda consiliilor, ve\u021bi fi biciui\u021bi \u00een sinagogi \u0219i ve\u021bi fi du\u0219i \u00eenaintea guvernan\u021bilor \u0219i a \u00eemp\u0103ra\u021bilor, pentru mine, ca m\u0103rturie pentru ei. 10 \u0218i Evanghelia trebuie mai \u00eent\u00e2i propov\u0103duit\u0103 tuturor neamurilor. 11 Deci, c\u00e2nd te vor aduce s\u0103 te eliberezi, nu te \u00eengrijora de ceea ce vei spune, dar nu te \u00eengrijora, ci orice \u021bi se va da \u00een ceasul acela, Au vorbit. C\u0103ci nu voi vorbi\u021bi, ci Duhul Sf\u00e2nt. 12 \u0218i fratele va da pe fratele la moarte, iar tat\u0103l pe copilul s\u0103u, iar copiii se vor ridica \u00eempotriva p\u0103rin\u021bilor lor \u0219i \u00eei vor ucide. 13 \u0218i ve\u021bi fi ur\u00e2\u021bi de to\u021bi pentru numele meu. Dar cel ce va r\u0103bda p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219it va fi m\u00e2ntuit. 14 C\u00e2nd vezi \u201eur\u00e2ciunea pustiirii\u201d, despre care a vorbit profetul Daniel, st\u00e2nd acolo unde nu trebuie, Cititorul s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103 atunci cei ce sunt \u00een Iudeea s\u0103 fug\u0103 \u00een mun\u021bi, 15 \u0219i cel ce este pe acoperi\u0219 s\u0103 nu coboare \u00een cas\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 nu intre. Ca s\u0103 ia ceva din casa lui, 16 cel care este pe c\u00e2mp s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i ia hainele. 17 Vai de femeile \u00eens\u0103rcinate \u0219i de mamele care al\u0103pteaz\u0103 \u00een acele zile! 18 \u0218i roag\u0103-te ca fuga ta s\u0103 nu aib\u0103 loc iarna. 19 C\u0103ci \u00een acele zile va fi o nenorocire, a\u0219a cum nu a mai fost de la \u00eenceputul crea\u021biei pe care a creat-o Dumnezeu p\u00e2n\u0103 acum \u0219i nici nu va mai fi. 20 \u0218i dac\u0103 Domnul nu scurteaz\u0103 acele zile, niciun trup nu va fi m\u00e2ntuit. Dar de dragul celor ale\u0219i, pe care i-a ales, a scurtat zilele. 21 Atunci, dac\u0103 v\u0103 va spune cineva: \u201eIat\u0103, Iat\u0103 Hristosul!\u201d Sau: Iat\u0103, acolo! Deci nu crede. 22 C\u0103ci se vor ridica hristo\u0219i mincino\u0219i \u0219i prooroci mincino\u0219i \u0219i li se vor da semne \u0219i minuni, ca s\u0103 \u00een\u0219ele, dac\u0103 este posibil, chiar \u0219i pe cei ale\u0219i. 23 Atunci vezi. Iat\u0103, v-am spus toate lucrurile dinainte.
24 \u201eDar \u00een acele zile de dup\u0103 aceea necaz, soarele se va \u00eentuneca \u0219i luna nu-\u0219i va da lumina 25 \u0219i stelele din cer \u0219i puterile care sunt \u00een\u0103untru Cerurile se vor zgudui. 26 \u0218i atunci ei \u00eel vor vedea pe Fiul Omului venind pe nori cu mare putere \u0219i slav\u0103 27 Apoi va trimite \u00eengerii S\u0103i \u0219i va aduna pe ale\u0219ii S\u0103i dintre cei patru V\u00e2nturile, de la cap\u0103tul p\u0103m\u00e2ntului p\u00e2n\u0103 la cap\u0103tul cerului. 28 \u00cenva\u021b\u0103 din smochin proverbul: C\u00e2nd ramura lui devine fraged\u0103 \u0219i d\u0103 frunze, \u0219tii c\u0103 vara este aproape. 29 A\u0219a \u0219i voi, c\u00e2nd vede\u021bi c\u0103 se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 aceste lucruri, s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi c\u0103 El este aproape, la por\u021bi. 30 Adev\u0103rat v\u0103 spun c\u0103 genera\u021bia aceasta nu va trece p\u00e2n\u0103 nu se vor \u00eent\u00e2mpla toate aceste lucruri. 31 Cerul \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2ntul vor trece, dar cuvintele mele nu vor trece.
32 \u201eDar despre ziua aceea \u0219i despre ceasul acela nimeni nu \u0219tie, nici m\u0103car \u00eengerii din ceruri, nici Fiul, ci Tat\u0103l. 33 Uite! Veghea\u021bi \u0219i ruga\u021bi-v\u0103, c\u0103ci nu \u0219ti\u021bi c\u00e2nd va veni vremea. 34 Este ca \u0219i cum un om \u00een c\u0103l\u0103torie \u0219i-a p\u0103r\u0103sit casa \u0219i a dat putere slujitorilor s\u0103i \u0219i fiec\u0103ruia lucrul s\u0103u, \u0219i a poruncit portarului s\u0103 vegheze. 35 Veghea\u021bi deci, c\u0103ci nu \u0219ti\u021bi c\u00e2nd va veni st\u0103p\u00e2nul casei, fie seara, fie la miezul nop\u021bii, fie la c\u00e2ntatul coco\u0219ului, fie diminea\u021ba. 36 Ca nu cumva s\u0103 vin\u0103 deodat\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 te g\u0103seasc\u0103 dormind! 37 \u0218i ceea ce v\u0103 spun, spun tuturor: Veghea\u021bi.\u201d (Marcu 13:1-37, Matei 24:1-51, Luca 21:5-36).<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Capitolul 13 include toate declara\u021biile lui Isus cu privire la soarta Ierusalimului \u0219i la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii. Este de obicei numit de comentatori \u201ediscurs escatologic\u201d, \u201ediscurs apocaliptic\u201d, \u201eviziune scurt\u0103\u201d sau \u201eviziune mic\u0103\u201d. Isus preced\u0103 \u0219i vorbe\u0219te \u00eenaintea pasiunii sale ucenicilor s\u0103i despre ceea ce se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla \u00een viitor, \u00eendemn\u00e2ndu-i p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 treji. Imaginile \u0219i expresiile folosite provin din literatura apocaliptic\u0103 evreiasc\u0103 \u0219i erau bine cunoscute ascult\u0103torilor. Ceea ce ne preocup\u0103 ast\u0103zi este mesajul pe care \u00eel poart\u0103 aceste zic\u0103tori \u0219i care a r\u0103mas de-a lungul veacurilor, chiar dac\u0103 aspectul exterior apocaliptic pare general \u0219i ciudat \u00een timpul nostru. La fel cum expresiv \u00eenseamn\u0103 traverseaz\u0103 cerul \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2ntul, tot a\u0219a traverseaz\u0103 \u0219i se transform\u0103 de la o epoc\u0103 la alta. Dar cuvintele lui Isus \u201enu trec\u201d. (versetul 31)<\/strong> Aceste zicale \u00eendreptate aici c\u0103tre studen\u021bi \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 Soarta \u0219i sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii sunt \u00een m\u00e2inile lui Dumnezeu, Maestrul istoriei<\/strong>. Nu este dat un timp anume pentru sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii (cum se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een textele apocaliptice evreie\u0219ti), dar Isus subliniaz\u0103 doar necesitatea unei vigilen\u021be continue, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere sf\u00e2r\u0219itul iminent, pe de o parte, dar este am\u00e2nat (\u201eDar sf\u00e2r\u0219itul nu este \u00eenc\u0103." Versetul 7<\/strong>).<\/p>\n

Nu \u0219tim exact dac\u0103 avem \u00een acest capitol un discurs continuu al lui Isus sau dac\u0103 este o compilare a evanghelistului (sau a tradi\u021biei dinaintea lui) a spuselor lui Isus \u00een diferite \u00eemprejur\u0103ri, toate legate de subiectul vie\u021bii de apoi. Interpre\u021bii contemporani tind spre al doilea punct de vedere.<\/p>\n

Discursul escatologic vine cu prilejul uimerii discipolilor \u00een fa\u021ba templului (versurile 1-2)<\/strong> Din care ie\u0219eau cu profesorul. \u00cen timp ce ucenicii aveau doar o impresie asupra scenei prezente, Iisus apare \u0219i preveste\u0219te scena viitoare dureroas\u0103, c\u00e2nd marile cl\u0103diri ale Templului vor fi distruse p\u00e2n\u0103 la punctul \u00een care nici o piatr\u0103 nu va mai r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een picioare. Aici Isus nu ofer\u0103 o profe\u021bie specific\u0103 a unui eveniment care se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla (Vaticinium ex eventu), pentru c\u0103 atunci trebuie s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 despre distrugerea Templului prin foc care a avut loc \u00een anul 70 de c\u0103tre romani.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 aceea, Isus st\u0103 pe Muntele M\u0103slinilor, cu fa\u021ba la Templu, iar patru dintre ucenicii s\u0103i avansa\u021bi, Petru, Iacov, Ioan \u0219i Andrei, \u00eel \u00eentreab\u0103 despre momentul c\u00e2nd s-au \u00eent\u00e2mplat toate acestea (\u201ec\u00e2nd\u201d) \u0219i care este \u201esemnul\u201d. \u201d care \u00eel precede (versetele 3-4). A\u0219a primesc ultimele revela\u021bii ale lui Isus discipolii care sunt chema\u021bi pentru prima dat\u0103 la misiunea apostolic\u0103, dup\u0103 cum noteaz\u0103 Grundmann. Este de remarcat faptul c\u0103 Isus nu a r\u0103spuns la \u00eentrebarea ucenicilor \u201ec\u00e2nd\u201d se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla asta, ci mai degrab\u0103 a trecut de la distrugerea templului la semnele care vor preceda sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii. El vorbe\u0219te despre fal\u0219i Hristos care vor \u00een\u0219ela oamenii, despre r\u0103zboaie sau ve\u0219ti despre r\u0103zboaie de care nu ar trebui s\u0103 se alarmeze, despre cutremure \u0219i foamete, despre diverse \u00eencerc\u0103ri care \u00eei \u00eempiedic\u0103 \u00een \u00eendeplinirea lucr\u0103rii apostolice. Toate acestea sunt \u201e\u00eenceputul suferin\u021belor\u201d, \u201edar sf\u00e2r\u0219itul nu este \u00eenc\u0103\u201d, deoarece Evanghelia trebuie mai \u00eent\u00e2i propov\u0103duit\u0103 tuturor na\u021biunilor. (versetele 5-10)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Cu aceste cuvinte, Isus preced\u0103 \u0219i vorbe\u0219te despre activitatea misionar\u0103 a Bisericii \u00een lume pentru a realiza programul m\u00e2ntuitor al providen\u021bei lui Dumnezeu. Dup\u0103 \u00eenvierea sa, el recomand\u0103 clar realizarea acestei lucr\u0103ri apostolice (Marcu 16:15, Matei 28:19)<\/strong>. Opinia unor comentatori protestan\u021bi conform c\u0103reia Isus a a\u0219teptat sf\u00e2r\u0219itul viitor al lumii este unilateral\u0103 \u0219i contrazice declara\u021biile interpretate aici. Pentru a evita dilema, ei atribuie cele afirmate \u00een versetele 7, 10 \u0219i 13 evanghelistului, nu lui Isus. Desigur, Isus vorbe\u0219te adesea despre judecata viitoare pentru a-i \u00eendemna pe cre\u0219tini s\u0103 fie \u00een permanen\u021b\u0103 vigilen\u021bi, dar el preveste\u0219te lucrarea misionar\u0103 a bisericii \u201e\u00een toate na\u021biunile\u201d, care necesit\u0103 o perioad\u0103 lung\u0103 de timp (vezi Proverbe capitolul patru \u0219i interpret\u0103rile aferente. Imaginea s\u0103m\u00e2n\u021bei folosit\u0103 acolo: floarea \u00cenfloririle \u0219i fructele presupun via\u021b\u0103, progres \u0219i o c\u0103l\u0103torie \u0219i nu exprim\u0103 o rela\u021bie static\u0103 \u00eentre recolta actual\u0103 \u0219i fructe, ci mai degrab\u0103 o c\u0103l\u0103torie dinamic\u0103 \u00een istorie.<\/p>\n

\u00een Versetele 11-13<\/strong> El vorbe\u0219te, de asemenea, despre persecu\u021biile \u0219i \u00eencerc\u0103rile apostolilor \u201epentru numele lui Hristos\u201d, precum \u0219i despre \u00eent\u0103rirea lor cu Duhul Sf\u00e2nt, care \u00eei \u00eendrum\u0103 cum s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103 \u00een orice \u00eemprejurare dificil\u0103. \u201eR\u0103zboiul are trei laturi\u201d, spune Victor al Antiohiei: \u201eDe la oamenii din gospod\u0103rie, de la cei r\u0103t\u0103ci\u021bi \u0219i de la r\u0103zboinici, dar m\u00e2ng\u00e2ierea (de la Duhul Sf\u00e2nt) le dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te pe toate.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00een Versetele 14-23<\/strong> Isus se refer\u0103 la distrugerea iminent\u0103 a Ierusalimului \u0219i o descrie \u00eentr-un mod tragic. Expresia \u201eur\u00e2ciunea pustiirii\u201d a st\u00e2rnit multe discu\u021bii. Ea provine din Cartea lui Daniel (9:27, 11:31, 12:11), unde este legat\u0103 de profanarea templului de c\u0103tre Antioh al IV-lea Epifan \u0219i a\u0219ezarea statuii lui Deus \u00een ea (vezi 1 Macabei 1). :45\u2026.). Isus precede \u0219i spune c\u0103 devastarea va \u00eencepe cu o astfel de profanare a templului. Dar ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 mai exact? Unii comentatori men\u021bioneaz\u0103 propunerea \u00eemp\u0103ratului Caligula din anul 40 d.Hr. ca statuia sa s\u0103 fie plasat\u0103 \u00een Templul lui Solomon, ceea ce nu s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat din cauza mor\u021bii sale \u00een anul 41 d.Hr. Al\u021bii spun c\u0103 el \u00eenseamn\u0103 intrarea zelo\u021bilor \u00een templu \u00een timpul revoltei evreie\u0219ti \u00eempotriva romanilor, urmat\u0103 de sosirea armatei romane \u0219i distrugerea Ierusalimului. Al\u021bii spun c\u0103 profanarea provine de la Antihrist (cuv\u00e2ntul din text se refer\u0103 la o persoan\u0103 de sex masculin), iar al\u021bii vorbesc \u00een general despre puterea r\u0103ului care \u00ee\u0219i \u00eencepe lucrarea distructiv\u0103 din templu. Ceea ce este distinctiv aici este \u00eencercarea lui Teofilac de a da o interpretare \u201emoral\u0103\u201d frazei: \u201eUr\u00e2ciunea pustiirii este orice sens satanic care p\u00e2nde\u0219te \u00een orice loc sf\u00e2nt, \u00een propriile noastre g\u00e2nduri. Atunci... m\u0103rturisitorul s\u0103 se gr\u0103beasc\u0103 spre mun\u021bii virtu\u021bilor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Expresia \u201epentru ca cititorul s\u0103 \u00een\u021beleag\u0103\u201d (\u201ece s\u0103 citeasc\u0103\u201d este ad\u0103ugat\u0103 \u00een unele manuscrise) indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 frazele anterioare erau mai \u00een\u021belese pentru cititorul Evangheliei dec\u00e2t sunt ast\u0103zi. Este obiceiul evangheli\u0219tilor din Noul Testament s\u0103 men\u021bioneze diverse situa\u021bii sau persoane cunoscute de ei \u0219i ne\u00een\u021belese de noi. C\u00e2t despre expresiile pe lista neagr\u0103 folosite \u0219i recomand\u0103rile (evadare la munte, fugi f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2rziere...), nu exist\u0103 nicio exagerare \u00een ele. Este suficient ca cineva s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 descrierea asediului Ierusalimului \u0219i a devast\u0103rii lui de c\u0103tre istoricul Josephus (R\u0103zboiul evreiesc, cartea a cincea) pentru a fi sigur c\u0103 afirma\u021biile lui Isus sunt adev\u0103rate. Devastarea Ierusalimului a fost at\u00e2t de \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2nt\u0103toare \u00eenc\u00e2t p\u0103rea a fi sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii<\/strong>. Cele dou\u0103 imagini se \u00eempletesc \u00een spusele lui Iisus \u0219i spune evanghelistul, at\u00e2t de mult \u00eenc\u00e2t trecem de la una la alta f\u0103r\u0103 o defini\u021bie clar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Descris Sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii \u0219i prezen\u021ba Fiului Omului \u00een versetele 24-27<\/strong> Cu expresii preluate din Isaia 13:10<\/strong> (Ziua Domnului), Isaia 34:4, Daniel 7:13, Zaharia 2:10, Deuteronom 30:4 Literatura apocaliptic\u0103 evreiasc\u0103 include multe descrieri similare (vezi, de exemplu, 4 Ezra 9:3, 13:30). Apocalipsa siriac\u0103 a lui Baruch 27: 2-13, 48: 32, 70: 8-9 \u0219i altele). Semnele principale ale unei astfel de descrieri sunt trei: \u00eenf\u0103\u021bi\u0219area \u00een schimbare a lumii prezente (vezi versetul 31: cerul \u0219i p\u0103m\u00e2ntul vor trece), prezen\u021ba Fiului Omului cu mare putere \u0219i slav\u0103 \u0219i adunarea \u201eale\u0219ilor\u201d. \u201d din tot p\u0103m\u00e2ntul. Chiar dac\u0103 nu a vorbit despre judecata \u00eentregii lumi, aceasta nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 numai ale\u0219ii vor \u00eenvia, deoarece trebuie s\u0103 complet\u0103m aceste versete cu ceea ce se spune \u00een alte locuri din carte despre \u00eenviere \u0219i judecat\u0103 (de exemplu Matei 25). : 31-46, 1 Corinteni 15, 1 Tesaloniceni 4: 13-18 etc.). Pe de alt\u0103 parte, trebuie s\u0103 subliniem c\u0103 \u00een capitolul 13 predomin\u0103 ideea preocup\u0103rii lui Dumnezeu pentru ale\u0219ii S\u0103i (vezi versetul 11, \u00eent\u0103rirea Duhului Sf\u00e2nt, versetul 20, scurtarea zilelor de suferin\u021b\u0103 de dragul celor ale\u0219i, etc.).<\/p>\n

Isus r\u0103spunde la cele dou\u0103 clarific\u0103ri \u201ec\u00e2nd va fi aceasta\u201d \u0219i \u201ecare este semnul tuturor acestor lucruri\u201d \u00een \u00eentrebarea ucenicilor \u00eentr-un mod similar Imaginea smochinului (versetele 28-30)<\/strong> ale c\u0103rui frunze cresc iarna, iar frunzele cresc din nou \u00eenainte de var\u0103, \u0219i din aceea se \u0219tie venirea verii. Astfel, c\u00e2nd vede \u00eemplinirea acelor semne men\u021bionate \u00een discursul vie\u021bii de apoi, atunci \u00een\u021belege c\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219itul este aproape. Afirma\u021bia este c\u0103 aceast\u0103 genera\u021bie nu va trece \u201ep\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd toate aceste lucruri nu se vor \u00eemplini\u201d. (versetul 30)<\/strong> Se pune \u00eentrebarea dac\u0103 declara\u021biile anterioare ale lui Isus se refer\u0103 la devastarea Ierusalimului sau la devastarea premerg\u0103toare vie\u021bii de apoi? Teofilactul alung\u0103 dificultatea spun\u00e2nd c\u0103 propozi\u021bia \u201eaceast\u0103 genera\u021bie\u201d se refer\u0103 la genera\u021bia de cre\u0219tini care nu va disp\u0103rea din istorie p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii: \u201e\u0218i el \u00eenseamn\u0103 genera\u021bia cre\u0219tinilor ca o m\u00e2ng\u00e2iere pentru apostoli, \u0219i astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t ei nu \u00ee\u0219i pierd credin\u021ba c\u00e2nd aud despre toate aceste dureri. El le spune s\u0103 fie cura\u021bi. Cea mai corect\u0103 explica\u021bie, a\u0219a cum am indicat mai devreme, este c\u0103 distrugerea Ierusalimului \u0219i judecata formeaz\u0103 o unitate, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd Isus men\u021bioneaz\u0103 primul eveniment, cel de-al doilea eveniment este \u0219i ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cuvintele Lui se vor \u00eemplini pentru c\u0103 nu sunt cuvinte umane, ci mai degrab\u0103 spusele lui Dumnezeu revelate omenirii. Aceasta este ceea ce subliniaz\u0103 versetul 31, unde neefemerul spuselor divine este egalat cu schimbarea \u0219i dispari\u021bia cerurilor \u0219i a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului.<\/p>\n

R\u0103spunsul la \u00eentrebarea ucenicilor \u201eC\u00e2nd\u201d, care este \u00eentrebarea fiec\u0103rui cre\u0219tin, const\u0103 \u00een... Versetul 32<\/strong> Gith spune c\u0103 ziua aceea (ziua Domnului conform expresiei Vechiului Testament) \u0219i acel ceas, ceasul judec\u0103\u021bii, nu este cunoscut de nimeni, nici m\u0103car \u00eengerii din ceruri, \u201enici m\u0103car Fiul\u201d, ci mai degrab\u0103 Tat\u0103 singur. P\u0103rin\u021bii interpreteaz\u0103 expresia \u201enici m\u0103car Fiul\u201d \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu natura uman\u0103 a lui Hristos. \u201eEl nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 a nu-L cunoa\u0219te pe Dumnezeu Cuv\u00e2ntul, ci mai degrab\u0103 a nu-L cunoa\u0219te pe Cel care a luat chip de slujitor, care \u0219tia at\u00e2tea \u00een vremea aceea \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care i s-a descoperit divinitatea care locuie\u0219te \u00een El\u201d (Sf\u00e2ntul Chiril al Alexandriei). T\u00e2lcuirea Sf\u00e2ntului Vasile este urm\u0103toarea: Fiul nu ar \u0219ti asta dac\u0103 nu i s-ar fi dat cuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 de la Tat\u0103l. Theophilectus spune c\u0103 Isus men\u021bioneaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 propozi\u021bie pentru a evita \u00eentreb\u0103ri suplimentare din partea ucenicilor despre acea zi.<\/p>\n

\u00cen loc s\u0103 \u00eentrebe curios c\u00e2nd va veni acea zi, Isus \u00eei \u00eendeamn\u0103 pe discipolii s\u0103i s\u0103 priveasc\u0103 pentru a nu fi surprins. Tema st\u0103rii de treaz\u0103 continu\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul discursului escatologic, unde este subliniat\u0103 prin pilda \u201est\u0103p\u00e2nului casei care vine\u201d. (versetele 33-37; vezi Luca 12:36-38).<\/strong> A sta p\u00e2n\u0103 t\u00e2rziu este necesar pentru c\u0103 nu \u0219tim c\u00e2nd va veni st\u0103p\u00e2nul casei: seara, miezul nop\u021bii, c\u00e2nd c\u00e2nt\u0103 coco\u0219ul, sau diminea\u021ba. Este distinctiv modul \u00een care Theophylectus interpreteaz\u0103 pasajul \u00eentr-un mod \u201eexisten\u021bial\u201d, spun\u00e2nd: \u201eSf\u00e2r\u0219itul este seara, este moartea, c\u00e2nd e\u0219ti b\u0103tr\u00e2n, la miezul nop\u021bii, c\u00e2nd e\u0219ti jum\u0103tate din zilele vie\u021bii tale, la c\u00e2ntatul coco\u0219ului. , c\u00e2nd cuv\u00e2ntul lui Dumnezeu se \u00eempline\u0219te \u00een noi, diminea\u021ba, adic\u0103 \u00een tinere\u021be. \u201eToat\u0103 lumea trebuie, a\u0219adar, s\u0103 se preg\u0103teasc\u0103 pentru sf\u00e2r\u0219it.\u201d<\/p>\n

Concluzie:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Cererea de a r\u0103m\u00e2ne treaz nu se adreseaz\u0103 numai ucenicilor, ci tuturor membrilor Bisericii \u201e\u0218i ceea ce v\u0103 spun, v\u0103 spun\u201d. Pentru toat\u0103 lumea<\/strong> \u201eStai treaz.\u201d Isus prive\u0219te via\u021ba \u0219i lucrarea Bisericii \u00een lume \u00een timp ce vorbe\u0219te despre a\u0219teptarea vie\u021bii de apoi. Viziunea ecleziastic\u0103 (Eccl\u00e9siologique) \u0219i viziunea eshatologic\u0103 (Eschatologique) sunt interconectate \u00een m\u0103sura \u00een care fiecare moment din cursul temporal al Bisericii este o ocazie favorabil\u0103 pentru munca apostolic\u0103 \u0219i pentru predicarea Evangheliei tuturor na\u021biunilor \u0219i, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, acest moment este \u201etimpul\u201d \u00een care Fiul Omului poate veni brusc pentru judecat\u0103. Deci \u00eentreaga lume \u0219i istoria sunt \u00een m\u00e2inile lui Dumnezeu, \u201eDomnul Casei\u201d.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":3449,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"2457,2746,2437,5014,1040,2440,2438,2544,906,2445,2441,2453","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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