{"id":2796,"date":"2011-11-14T02:25:57","date_gmt":"2011-11-14T02:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/orthodox-library\/the-sects-cults-and-heresies\/orthodox-view-of-jehovahs-witnesses\/history-of-jehovah-s-witnesses\/"},"modified":"2011-11-14T02:25:57","modified_gmt":"2011-11-14T02:25:57","slug":"history-of-jehovah-s-witnesses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/ro\/orthodox-library\/the-sects-cults-and-heresies\/orthodox-view-of-jehovahs-witnesses\/history-of-jehovah-s-witnesses\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria Martorilor lui Iehova"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u201eMartorii lui Iehova\u201d a fost fondat de un predicator american care a devenit celebru la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al XIX-lea, pe nume Charles Russell. S-a n\u0103scut \u00een Pittsburgh \u00een 1853 \u00eentr-o familie apar\u021bin\u00e2nd Bisericii Protestante Presbiteriane. A p\u0103r\u0103sit \u0219coala la paisprezece ani pentru a-\u0219i ajuta tat\u0103l, Akkad, \u00een magazinul s\u0103u. La v\u00e2rsta de 17 ani, a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se \u00eendoiasc\u0103 de c\u00e2teva adev\u0103ruri de credin\u021b\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd a participat la o adunare adventist de ziua a \u0219aptea, a fost impresionat de predic\u0103 \u0219i a \u00eenceput s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 din nou Biblia. El a descoperit, potrivit lui, c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 nicio baz\u0103 pentru existen\u021ba Iadului \u00een Biblie, c\u0103 ultima zi este aproape, c\u0103 cre\u0219tinii au denaturat sensul Cuv\u00e2ntului lui Dumnezeu explic\u00e2nd Biblia \u0219i c\u0103 majoritatea doctrinelor cre\u0219tine au nici o baz\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p>El a adunat \u00een jurul lui c\u00e2\u021biva studen\u021bi cu un grup adventist de ziua a \u0219aptea \u0219i au \u00eenceput s\u0103 preg\u0103teasc\u0103 bro\u0219uri p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu au fost de acord \u0219i s-au desp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een 1878. Russell \u00ee\u0219i v\u00e2nduse magazinul pentru a se specializa \u00een evanghelizare. \u00cen 1879, s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit cu Maria France Ackley, care a r\u0103mas cu el \u0219i a contribuit la munca sa timp de 18 ani. \u00cen acela\u0219i an, el a fondat o revist\u0103 numit\u0103 \u201eTurnul de veghe al Sionului\u201d, care este publicat\u0103 \u0219i ast\u0103zi, dup\u0103 ce au \u0219ters cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eSion\u201d din ea. El a \u00eenceput s\u0103 elibereze bro\u0219uri pentru a-\u0219i r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi credin\u021ba \u0219i s\u0103 recruteze voluntari p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd lucrarea s-a extins \u0219i Russell a fondat o companie \u00een 1884 pe care a \u00eenregistrat-o \u00een statul Pennsylvania sub numele de Watchtower of Zion Publishing Company. Russell c\u0103l\u0103torea prin Statele Unite \u0219i Canada ca misionar \u0219i, de asemenea, a c\u0103l\u0103torit \u00een Marea Britanie \u0219i Asia Mic\u0103 dup\u0103 ce tracturile sale s-au r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit acolo. A \u00eenceput s\u0103 fac\u0103 traduceri \u00een limbile \u021b\u0103rii \u0219i s\u0103 organizeze conferin\u021be pentru martori, sus\u021bin\u00e2nd c\u0103 acestea sunt o continuare. a adun\u0103rilor evreie\u0219ti dup\u0103 o pauz\u0103 de 2.000 de ani din cauza cre\u0219tinismului. A folosit propaganda \u00een ziare \u0219i a organizat campanii de evanghelizare din u\u0219\u0103 \u00een u\u0219\u0103 care continu\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zilele noastre.<\/p>\n<p>El a intrat \u00een Societatea Martorilor lui Iehova dou\u0103 companii financiare pentru investi\u021bii, prin care Russell de\u021binea propriet\u0103\u021bi imobiliare \u0219i bani \u0219i p\u0103stra \u00eentotdeauna majoritatea ac\u021biunilor. Tema principal\u0103 din tracturile lui Charles Russell este venirea lui Hristos \u0219i sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii. C\u00e2nd s-a al\u0103turat grupului misionar \u0219i a v\u0103zut c\u0103 speran\u021ba lor fusese dezam\u0103git\u0103 \u00een a prezice data sf\u00e2r\u0219itului lumii, el a sus\u021binut c\u0103 a descoperit \u00eempreun\u0103 cu unii dintre urma\u0219ii s\u0103i c\u0103 Hristos va veni \u00eentr-un mod nev\u0103zut \u0219i c\u0103 de fapt a venit \u00een anul 1874, \u00eencep\u00e2nd o perioad\u0103 de patruzeci de ani pe care apostolii o numeau perioada seceri\u0219ului \u00een care Hristos \u00ee\u0219i va aduna turma prin apostolii lui \u00eensu\u0219i \u0219i avea s\u0103 pun\u0103 cap\u0103t timpului na\u021biunilor rele Iehova se \u00eentoarce ca conduc\u0103tor al poporului s\u0103u ales, evreii. Distrugerea tuturor se \u00eencheie \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Armaghedon (Apocalipsa 16:14), prin care \u00cemp\u0103r\u0103\u021bia lui Iehova a fost biruitoare cu ale\u0219ii S\u0103i pe care El \u00eei adunase \u00een anul 1914. Dup\u0103 aceea, \u00eencep cei o mie de ani, o mie de ani de fericire pentru ale\u0219ii din ceruri \u0219i un alt p\u0103m\u00e2nt vine dup\u0103 ce p\u0103m\u00e2ntul actual este anihilat.<\/p>\n<p>Martorii lui Iehova \u00eenc\u0103 predic\u0103 idei escatologice \u0219i se concentreaz\u0103 pe dou\u0103 teme: \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea umanit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i calculele profetice.<\/p>\n<p>Mesagerii umani sunt \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi\u021bi \u00een trei clase:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Sfin\u021bii, adic\u0103 ucenicii lui. Doar ace\u0219ti 144.000 vor tr\u0103i \u00een bucuria cereasc\u0103. Printre ei sunt foarte pu\u021bini care posed\u0103 natura divin\u0103 \u0219i constituie trupul lui Hristos.<\/li>\n<li>Fra\u021bii sunt supu\u0219i legii \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103\u021biei \u0219i au o via\u021b\u0103 uman\u0103 exemplar\u0103, condus\u0103 de prietenii Vechiului Testament.<\/li>\n<li>A treia clas\u0103 este compus\u0103 din lupi deghiza\u021bi \u00een oi Ace\u0219ti oameni au refuzat s\u0103 fac\u0103 prozelitism \u0219i vor fi complet distru\u0219i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Predic\u021bia lui Russell despre anul 1914 este o baz\u0103 \u00een \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103tura Martorilor lui Iehova. Se bazeaz\u0103 pe Luca 21:24, \u201eIerusalimul va fi c\u0103lcat \u00een picioare de c\u0103tre Neamuri p\u00e2n\u0103 se vor \u00eemplini vremurile Neamurilor\u201d, iar ceea ce Domnul nu a spus \u00een Evanghelie a fost ad\u0103ugat de c\u0103tre \u00een\u0219i\u0219ii s\u0103i, care au stabilit timpul pe baza timpului. pe calcule. C\u00e2nd a \u00eenceput vremea na\u021biunilor? Cat a durat? Dac\u0103 r\u0103spunde la cele dou\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri, va g\u0103si data sf\u00e2r\u0219itului lumii. El a spus: Era na\u021biunilor a \u00eenceput odat\u0103 cu ocuparea Ierusalimului de c\u0103tre Nabucodonosor. Russell a datat acest eveniment \u00een anul 606, deoarece num\u0103rul a fost men\u021bionat \u00een Cartea Apocalipsei, dar cucerirea Ierusalimului a avut loc de fapt \u00een anul 586 \u00eenainte de Hristos \u0219i din nou \u00een anul 597, c\u00e2nd evreii au fost du\u0219i captivi \u00een Babilon. Apostolii au citit \u00een Leviticul 18:26 \u00een limba englez\u0103: \u201e\u0218i, totu\u0219i, dac\u0103 m\u0103 ascul\u021bi, voi ad\u0103uga pedeapsa ta de \u0219apte ori pentru p\u0103catele tale.\u201d Ei au \u00een\u021beles de \u0219apte ori, nu \u00een sensul \u00eent\u0103ririi pedepsei sens al num\u0103rului, adic\u0103 de \u0219apte ori, \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i \u00eencepe calculele pentru cei \u0219apte ori, ceea ce a dus la prezicerea sf\u00e2r\u0219itului lumii pentru anul 1914. Chiar dac\u0103 a fost anul Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial, nu a fost sf\u00e2r\u0219itul a lumii.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen via\u021ba personal\u0103, so\u021bia sa a cerut divor\u021bul pe motiv de adulter \u0219i l-a ob\u021binut, pe cheltuiala so\u021bului ei. Un ziar american a intentat un proces \u00eempotriva lui sub acuza\u021bia de fraud\u0103 \u0219i v\u00e2nzare de gr\u00e2u \u201eminune\u201d pentru 60 de dolari pe kilogram. C\u00e2nd el, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, a pretins def\u0103imarea ziarului, a pierdut procesul. Russell a fost succedat ca pre\u0219edinte al societ\u0103\u021bii de Joseph Franklin Rutherford.<\/p>\n<p>Rutherford a fost avocat \u0219i consilier al Societ\u0103\u021bii Watch Tower din 1907. A devenit pre\u0219edinte al societ\u0103\u021bii dup\u0103 moartea lui Russell \u0219i a continuat activitatea. Dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi, a fost \u00eentemni\u021bat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu un num\u0103r de \u00eenso\u021bitori pentru c\u0103 a refuzat recrutarea \u0219i a \u00eendemnat la rezisten\u021ba statului. El a spus c\u0103 Hristos a prezis vestea \u00eentemni\u021b\u0103rii sale c\u00e2nd a spus: \u201eEi v\u0103 vor prigoni \u0219i v\u0103 vor da \u00een sinagogi \u0219i \u00eenchisori...\u201d (Luca 12:21). \u0218i-a reluat activitatea dup\u0103 eliberarea din \u00eenchisoare: discursuri, conferin\u021be, publica\u021bii, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 radio \u0219i CD-uri recente. \u00cen 1917, \u0219i-a publicat cartea \u201eThe Ending Secret\u201d. Este o explica\u021bie a C\u0103r\u021bii Apocalipsa, C\u00e2ntarea C\u00e2nt\u0103rilor \u0219i Ezechiel, precum \u0219i studii biblice de la el \u0219i predecesorii s\u0103i, Apostolii.<\/p>\n<p>Printre \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103turile sale este c\u0103 Satana are agen\u021bi, dintre care cei mai importan\u021bi sunt religia, politica \u0219i comer\u021bul, iar cel mai periculos dintre ei este biserica, deoarece credea c\u0103 Ioan se referea la ea \u00een viziune c\u00e2nd a men\u021bionat prostituat\u0103. Din acuza\u021biile sale \u00eempotriva bisericii reiese c\u0103 el nu cunoa\u0219te faptele \u0219i doctrinele cre\u0219tine.<\/p>\n<p>Schimb\u0103ri doctrinare \u0219i administrative au avut loc \u00een societate sub Rutherford:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Rutherford a ezitat s\u0103 precizeze vremurile anului recoltei \u0219i sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii, ca nu cumva s\u0103 e\u0219ueze. A spus c\u0103 anul 1918 a fost \u00eenceputul sf\u00e2r\u0219itului lumii, apoi s-a r\u0103zg\u00e2ndit \u0219i a spus c\u0103 este un eveniment care s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat pe cer. Judec\u0103torul, cum \u00eei spun ei, a a\u0219teptat \u00eentoarcerea prin\u021bilor (prieteni ai Vechiului Testament) \u00een anul 1925, dar ace\u0219tia nu au venit, a\u0219a c\u0103 a \u00eencetat s\u0103 mai stabileasc\u0103 vremurile.<\/li>\n<li>Din cei 144.000 de membri ai Trupului lui Hristos, au r\u0103mas doar pu\u021bini pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Majoritatea de pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt sunt oi care vor atinge fericirea.<\/li>\n<li>\u00cen 1931, el a g\u0103sit un nou nume, de succes, pentru asocia\u021bie, \u201eMartorii lui Iehova\u201d. , \u0219i pe nimeni altcineva, sunt preocupa\u021bi de aceste versete.<\/li>\n<li>Din punct de vedere administrativ, judec\u0103torul a transformat mi\u0219carea Apostolilor Democra\u021biei \u00eentr-o teocra\u021bie centralizat\u0103 \u00een care slujitorul credincios \u0219i \u00een\u021belept domne\u0219te \u00een numele lui Iehova.<\/li>\n<li>Rutherford era un tiran dictatorial cu care era greu de tratat \u0219i nu a ezitat s\u0103-\u0219i schimbe pozi\u021biile pentru a servi interesele Martorilor lui Iehova. Doctrina se schimba. De exemplu, el \u00eencerca s\u0103 caute inven\u021bii \u00een Biblie: Isaia a profe\u021bit despre avioane, Cartea lui Iov despre telegraf etc. Printre contradic\u021biile sale se num\u0103r\u0103 religia, agentul Satanei \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i public\u0103 opiniile \u00een numele libert\u0103\u021bii. a religiei. Religia critic\u0103 institu\u021bia \u0219i creeaz\u0103 o institu\u021bie religioas\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dup\u0103 Rutherford, a venit Nathan Knorr \u00een 1942. El sa al\u0103turat Martorilor lui Iehova timp de dou\u0103zeci de ani \u0219i a fost responsabil de publica\u021bii timp de zece ani. Funda\u021bia Martorilor lui Iehova a r\u0103mas central\u0103 \u00een timpul domniei sale, emit\u00e2nd decizii, directive, numiri \u0219i publica\u021bii, toate din centrul principal din Brooklyn (New York). , regiunile \u0219i \u021b\u0103rile raportate centrului principal. Knorr este un american din Pennsylvania dintr-o cas\u0103 protestant\u0103 calvin\u0103. Familia sa s-a al\u0103turat Martorilor lui Iehova c\u00e2nd avea \u0219aisprezece ani. El a extins lucrarea Martorilor lui Iehova, a stabilizat organiza\u021bia administrativ\u0103, a introdus noi mijloace de evanghelizare, cum ar fi filme \u0219i conferin\u021be, \u0219i a \u00eenfiin\u021bat un centru pentru instruirea misionarilor despre modalit\u0103\u021bi de a comunica cu oamenii cu bun\u0103tate \u0219i polite\u021be. \u00cen 1955, a publicat o carte intitulat\u0103 \u201ePute\u021bi tr\u0103i dup\u0103 Armaghedon \u0219i intra\u021bi \u00een lumea nou\u0103 a lui Dumnezeu\u201d. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce Funda\u021bia a fost \u00eenfiin\u021bat\u0103 \u00een lume, Knorr a continuat s\u0103 predice c\u0103 sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lumii este aproape.<\/p>\n<p>Martorii lui Iehova func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219i ast\u0103zi conform sistemului stabilit de Knorr \u0219i colegii s\u0103i.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Duminic\u0103, 26 ianuarie 1992, num\u0103rul 4<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0633\u0633 &#8220;\u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0647\u0648\u0647&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1853 \u0641\u064a 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