{"id":627,"date":"2009-02-23T18:38:22","date_gmt":"2009-02-23T18:38:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/church-history\/church-history-to-fourth-century\/paul-asameesati-bishop-of-antioch\/"},"modified":"2009-02-23T18:38:22","modified_gmt":"2009-02-23T18:38:22","slug":"paul-asameesati-bishop-of-antioch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/ro\/church-history\/church-history-to-fourth-century\/paul-asameesati-bishop-of-antioch\/","title":{"rendered":"Pavel de Samisati, Episcopul Antiohiei"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Zainab Al-Tadmuriya (Zenobia):<\/span><\/strong> Dup\u0103 ce \u00eemp\u0103ratul Valerian a fost \u00eenvins de per\u0219i \u00een anul 260 \u0219i capturat, fiul s\u0103u Galianus a stat pe tron. Lathaina, conduc\u0103torul Palmirei, \u0219i-a putut dovedi abilitatea \u00een r\u0103zboi \u0219i politic\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 Galianus l-a f\u0103cut \u00eemp\u0103rat al statelor din est. P\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd una dintre rudele lui l-a asasinat. El a fost \u00eenlocuit de fiul s\u0103u, Wahba Al-Lat, \u0219i de so\u021bia sa, Zainab. Cu toate acestea, el era t\u00e2n\u0103r \u0219i minor, iar mama sa \u0219i-a asumat puterea \u00een numele lui. Autoritatea sa sa extins pentru a include toat\u0103 Siria, Libanul, Egiptul \u0219i o parte din Asia Mic\u0103. La mijlocul anului 271, Zainab \u0219i-a declarat independen\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de Imperiul Roman. \u00cen acel moment, \u00eemp\u0103ratul Aurelianus s-a ridicat pentru a lupta \u00eempotriva ei \u0219i a restabili Palmira sub tronul roman. A intrat \u00een Palmira, a capturat-o pe Zainab \u0219i a dus-o la Roma \u00een acela\u0219i an. \u00cen acest moment, Pavel de Samisata era episcop al Antiohiei.<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Pavel de Samisati, episcopul Antiohiei:<\/span><\/strong> (260-268). Este originar din ora\u0219ul Samisat. Se presupune c\u0103 el \u0219tia despre evrei, religia lor \u0219i Tora \u00eenainte de a veni pe tron. Zainab era renumit\u0103 pentru bun\u0103tatea ei fa\u021b\u0103 de evrei. L-a ajutat s\u0103 ajung\u0103 la Sf\u00e2ntul Scaun din Antiohia. Pentru a asigura un fel de cooperare \u00eentre acesta \u0219i cre\u0219tinii din capitala r\u0103s\u0103ritean\u0103. C\u00e2nd a ajuns la putere, Zainab l-a f\u0103cut un \u00eenalt func\u021bionar public, i-a atribuit sarcini financiare \u0219i de supraveghere \u0219i l-a poreclit \u201eZoqinarius\u201d. Autoritatea sa a crescut \u0219i a devenit reprezentantul regilor Palmyra din Antiohia. P\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd episcopii care s-au uitat \u00een chestiunea lui mai t\u00e2rziu \u2013 dup\u0103 cum vom vedea \u2013 au spus c\u0103 nimeni nu poate \u00eendr\u0103zni s\u0103 se pl\u00e2ng\u0103 de nedreptatea acestui episcop.<\/p>\n<p>Pavel \u00eensu\u0219i l-a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat \u0219i a devenit arogant. El \u0219i-a f\u0103cut el \u00eensu\u0219i un tron \u00eenalt \u00een biseric\u0103 \u0219i a autorizat ucenicii s\u0103i s\u0103-i aduc\u0103 omagiu. \u0218i interzicerea laudelor Domnului \u00een biseric\u0103. Pretinz\u00e2nd c\u0103 ele - imnurile - au fost crea\u021bia unui om de mai t\u00e2rziu, el le-a \u00eenlocuit cu psalmi ai lui David \u0219i imnuri speciale preg\u0103tite pentru a-l sl\u0103vi, care au fost c\u00e2ntate \u00een biseric\u0103. A \u00eenceput s\u0103-i critice pe primii p\u0103rin\u021bi \u0219i poate l-a remarcat pe Origen mai mult dec\u00e2t pe al\u021bii, ceea ce a st\u00e2rnit ura episcopilor din jurul s\u0103u, a\u0219a cum predase Orihan \u00een Antiohia, iar mul\u021bi dintre episcopii din epoca lui Pavel erau studen\u021bi ai lui Origen, cel mare. savant. Ceea ce a atras aten\u021bia episcopilor a fost c\u0103 Pavel a crescut s\u0103rac \u0219i a devenit nelegitim bogat. \u00cel b\u0103nuiau c\u0103 are rela\u021bii cu femei, \u00eentruc\u00e2t locuia cu femei \u0219i le \u00eenso\u021bea pe unele dintre ele \u00een ciuda tinere\u021bii \u0219i aspectului lor atr\u0103g\u0103tor.<\/p>\n<p>Cu tactul \u0219i discursul s\u0103u elocvent, a reu\u0219it s\u0103 creeze o petrecere \u00een jurul lui. Erau un num\u0103r de episcopi, preo\u021bi \u0219i diaconi ai \u021b\u0103rii. Ceea ce a dus la \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea Bisericii din Antiohia \u00een dou\u0103 tabere: oamenii de la \u021bar\u0103, mamele ora\u0219elor \u0219i oamenii marilor ora\u0219e \u0219i, mai precis, \u00een patrio\u021bi r\u0103s\u0103riteni, sirieni \u0219i arabi, \u0219i greci, romani. , \u0219i eleni\u0219ti. Era firesc ca prima tab\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 vad\u0103 \u00een Zainab un conduc\u0103tor care c\u0103uta eliberarea de autoritatea romanilor \u0219i de tot ce \u021bine de Occident. Unii evrei \u0219i p\u0103g\u00e2ni au fost de partea lor \u0219i \u0219i-au exprimat simpatia pentru ei \u0219i au sus\u021binut-o pe Zainab \u00een mi\u0219carea ei (de eliberare).<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Paul \u0219i Longinus:<\/span><\/strong> Zainab l-a trimis pe Longinus din Homs de la Atena s\u0103 vin\u0103 la Palmyra \u0219i s\u0103 se ocupe de a-\u0219i ap\u0103ra pozi\u021bia. Datorit\u0103 argumentului, elocven\u021bei \u0219i elocven\u021bei lui, ea a ascultat sfaturile lui despre politic\u0103. Este posibil ca Pavel s\u0103-l fi cunoscut pe Longinus \u0219i s\u0103 fi fost influen\u021bat de neoplatonism. Cei care simpatizeaz\u0103 cu monoteismul evreilor \u0219i neag\u0103 divinitatea lui Hristos. De aici putem \u00een\u021belege gre\u0219eala lui Pavel de a spune c\u0103 Hristos este o \u201ef\u0103ptur\u0103\u201d bun\u0103 care a purtat Duhul lui Dumnezeu \u00een p\u00e2ntecele s\u0103u. Pavel a aderat la sensul aparent al Torei \u0219i a respins interpretarea din Alexandria.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Rezisten\u021ba lui Antiohia fa\u021b\u0103 de Pavel:<\/span><\/strong> Pavel a \u00eencercat s\u0103 reziste tuturor celor care au sus\u021binut Roma \u0219i civiliza\u021bia greac\u0103, dintre care erau mul\u021bi \u00een Antiohia. Zainab, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, a \u00eencercat prin Longinus s\u0103-i \u00eembat\u0103 cu elocven\u021ba lui. Cu toate acestea, ei \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eel considerau barbar \u0219i intruziv pentru civiliza\u021bie. C\u00e2t despre evrei, unii nu au preferat st\u0103p\u00e2nirea apropiat\u0103 a lui Zainab dec\u00e2t st\u0103p\u00e2nirea \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103 a romilor. De\u0219i Pavel a atras al\u0103turi de el un num\u0103r bun de episcopi, Biserica lui Hristos din Antiohia a avut \u0219i are \u00eenc\u0103 episcopi drep\u021bi care au p\u0103strat \u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103turile apostolilor \u0219i au ap\u0103rat cu vitez\u0103 credin\u021ba. Odat\u0103 cu aceast\u0103 \u00eenviere, care era \u00eempotriva lui Pavel, ea a avut la baz\u0103 o rezisten\u021b\u0103 doctrinar\u0103 menit\u0103 s\u0103 purifice Biserica Marelui Cetate al lui Dumnezeu de erezia corupt\u0103 a lui Pavel.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 spiritual\u0103 din Antiohia a fost condus\u0103 de doi dintre fii s\u0103i: Domnus, fiul lui Dimitrie, fostul episcop, \u0219i Melkion, unul dintre profesorii de filozofie, logic\u0103, elocven\u021b\u0103 \u0219i retoric\u0103 din \u0219colile elenistice din Antiohia, \u0219i unul dintre fiii drep\u021bi ai Bisericii din Antiohia. El a fost cel care - a\u0219a cum ne-a p\u0103strat Petru Diaconul - a preluat ulterior discu\u021bia oficial\u0103 din consiliu.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">De continuat&gt;&gt; <a href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=38;category-orthodox-church-history-fourth-century&amp;id=126;alontakyin-combined-second-and-third\"><\/a><a rel=\"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\" href=\"index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;catid=38;category-orthodox-church-history-fourth-century&amp;id=126;alontakyin-combined-second-and-third\">Al doilea \u0219i al treilea Sinod din Antiohia<\/a><a><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0632\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627): \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 260 \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0631\u060c\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3449,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"654,655,669,653,658,700,2549,610,628,630,652,631","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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