{"id":2161,"date":"2010-05-08T18:52:59","date_gmt":"2010-05-08T18:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/mim\/st-martin-the-merciful-the-bishop-of-tours\/"},"modified":"2026-02-19T02:35:29","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T01:35:29","slug":"st-martin-the-merciful-the-bishop-of-tours","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/tr\/saints-and-fathers\/mim\/st-martin-the-merciful-the-bishop-of-tours\/","title":{"rendered":"Merhametli Martinus, Tours Piskoposu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>11 Kas\u0131m&#039;da Kilise, Tours \u015fehrinin Piskoposu Merhametli Aziz Martin&#039;i an\u0131yor. <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-2160\" style=\"float: left;\" title=\"Merhametli Aziz Martinus, Tours Piskoposu\" alt=\"Merhametli Aziz Martinus, Tours Piskoposu\" src=\"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/05\/11-nov-St-Martin-the-Merciful-the-Bishop-of-Tours.jpg\" height=\"142\" width=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/05\/11-nov-St-Martin-the-Merciful-the-Bishop-of-Tours.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/05\/11-nov-St-Martin-the-Merciful-the-Bishop-of-Tours-212x300.jpg 212w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 100px) 100vw, 100px\" \/>Fransa&#039;da. Bir askerin o\u011flu olan Martinus, 315 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda Macaristan&#039;\u0131n bir \u015fehrinde do\u011fdu ve kuzey \u0130talya&#039;da b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Babas\u0131 askeri vali r\u00fctbesine terfi ettirildi\u011finden, gelenek oldu\u011fu gibi orduya girdi. Martinus k\u0131rk ya\u015f\u0131na gelene kadar isteyerek ya da istemeyerek orada kald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p>Ancak gen\u00e7li\u011finden H\u0131ristiyan inanc\u0131na ge\u00e7en ve on sekiz ya\u015f\u0131nda vaftiz nimetini alan bu asker, imparatora hizmet etmekten ve onun otoritesini savunmaktan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 arzuluyordu. Askerlikten muaf olmak istedi ve ordudan ayr\u0131lma izni al\u0131nca Poitiers Piskoposu Saint Hilarion&#039;a (+367) s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Martinus, Hilarion&#039;la uzun s\u00fcre kalamad\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hilarion, o d\u00f6nemde Gallia&#039;da (Fransa&#039;n\u0131n eski ad\u0131) resmi olarak onaylanan Arian sapk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fi nedeniyle s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. B\u00f6ylece Martinus Gallia&#039;dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve Alpleri ge\u00e7erek Adriyatik Denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u0130lirya&#039;ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve burada annesine rehberlik etti. Daha sonra \u0130talya&#039;ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve otistik ya\u015fam i\u00e7in e\u011fitim ald\u0131. Hilarion yakla\u015f\u0131k 306 y\u0131l\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Martens ona kat\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak o, Ligug\u00e9&#039;deki Poitiers&#039;ten birka\u00e7 kilometre uzakta, bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bilinen ilk Galya-Roma m\u00fcnzevi merkezi olarak kabul etti\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir inziva yerinde m\u00fcnzevi olarak ya\u015f\u0131yordu. \u00c7ok ge\u00e7meden otizm yolunu se\u00e7en baz\u0131 karde\u015fler de ona kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Martinus, halk\u0131n iradesiyle Tours \u015fehrinin piskoposu olarak se\u00e7ildi, ancak yaln\u0131z ya\u015famdan vazge\u00e7meyi kabul etmedi. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015flar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131 onu &quot;ac\u0131nas\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme sahip, eski p\u00fcsk\u00fc, kirli k\u0131yafetleri ve darmada\u011f\u0131n\u0131k sa\u00e7lar\u0131 olan bir adam&quot; olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Piskopos Martins&#039;in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk \u015fey, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00fcnl\u00fc olan Marmoutier Manast\u0131r\u0131&#039;n\u0131 kurmakt\u0131. Martinus&#039;un biyografisini yazan Sulpicius Severus, manast\u0131rdaki ya\u015fam\u0131n baz\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerini anlat\u0131yor. Rahiplerin \u00e7o\u011funun da\u011f\u0131n kayal\u0131klar\u0131na s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak kazd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve orada seksen kadar \u00f6\u011frencinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcbarek \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin \u00f6rne\u011fini izleyerek e\u011fitim ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Kimsenin \u00f6zel bir \u015feyi yoktu ama aralar\u0131nda her \u015fey ortakt\u0131. Herhangi bir \u015fey sat\u0131n almalar\u0131 veya satmalar\u0131 yasakt\u0131. Kopyac\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir sanatla u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131yorlard\u0131, ancak bu i\u015fe yaln\u0131zca daha gen\u00e7 olanlar atand\u0131. Yeti\u015fkinler ise kendilerini ibadete adad\u0131lar ve namaz k\u0131l\u0131nan yerde bulu\u015fmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda h\u00fccrelerinden nadiren \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. Bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 deve t\u00fcy\u00fc tak\u0131yordu, l\u00fcks k\u0131yafetler giymek ise b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnah say\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n<p>Martinus ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130ncil&#039;in s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc ve kurtulu\u015fu Gallia halk\u0131na yaymak i\u00e7in yorgunlu\u011fu veya seyahatin zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 umursamayan gezici bir piskopos olmas\u0131yla da \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc. Arkeologlar, pagan k\u0131rsal tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun 375 ve 390 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlad\u0131lar. Bu, paganizme \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015fman olan ve bir ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6neminden sonra, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, pagan e\u011filimlere sahip nank\u00f6r \u0130mparator Julian&#039;\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7en \u0130mparator Gratian&#039;\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu d\u00f6nemde H\u0131ristiyan misyonerlik faaliyetleri imparatorluk otoritesi taraf\u0131ndan yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde desteklenmi\u015f ve Gallia&#039;n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir. Bu operasyonlar, &quot;paganizm hatas\u0131na bula\u015fan&quot; k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir direni\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131 nedeniyle her yerde cesarete ihtiya\u00e7 duyan misyoner piskoposlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu. Ancak bu misyonerler umutsuzlu\u011fa kap\u0131lmad\u0131lar ve birbiri ard\u0131na k\u0131rsal mahalleler kurdular. B\u00f6ylece H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k Gallia&#039;da k\u00f6k sald\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Gallia inanc\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden piskoposlar aras\u0131nda, kuzey Gallia&#039;y\u0131 m\u00fcjdeleyen Rouen Piskoposu Ectris, Autum Piskoposu Simplicius ve Bordeaux Piskoposu Delphinus&#039;u sayabiliriz. Ancak Tours Piskoposu Martinus bunlar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcyd\u00fc. Martinus, seyahatleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda putlar\u0131 y\u0131kmay\u0131 ve pagan tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131 yakmay\u0131 b\u0131rakmad\u0131... ve direni\u015f \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u015fiddetliydi. Bu ba\u011flamda Celebius Severus \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor: \u201cFakat genel olarak k\u00f6yl\u00fcler onu tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kmamaya d\u00fc\u015fmanca ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, onun kutsal vaaz\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da pagan ruhu yumu\u015fatt\u0131, \u00f6yle ki hakikatle ayd\u0131nland\u0131lar. ve tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131 kendileri y\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar.\u201d Bu pagan tap\u0131naklar\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine kiliseler in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n<p>Sulpicius Severus, mektubunda Martinus&#039;u destekleyen bir\u00e7ok do\u011fa\u00fcst\u00fc olay\u0131 anlat\u0131yor. Hastalar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirirken, \u00f6l\u00fcleri diriltirken ve her zaman \u00e7e\u015fitli pagan tezah\u00fcrleriyle tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendi deyimiyle &quot;kanl\u0131 canavar&quot; olan \u015eeytan&#039;\u0131 kovurken hayat\u0131n\u0131 mucizeler doldurdu. Mucizevi g\u00fc\u00e7leri, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fefkati ve al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, halkta co\u015fkunun artmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Aziz Martin, Gallia&#039;da d\u00fcz inanc\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katk\u0131da bulunduktan sonra 397 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Biyografi yazar\u0131n\u0131n ifadesinde canl\u0131 bir \u00f6rne\u011fimiz var: &quot;Martinus&#039;tan \u00f6nce bu \u00fclkelerde sadece az say\u0131da insan\u0131n veya neredeyse hi\u00e7 kimsenin Mesih ad\u0131n\u0131 almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011frudur.&quot; Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n, Kurtar\u0131c\u0131 Tanr\u0131 \u0130sa Mesih&#039;in iyi haberinin ruhunu yeniden canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Martinus gibi hem Do\u011fu&#039;da hem de Bat\u0131&#039;da dola\u015fan insanlara ne kadar ihtiyac\u0131 var? \u00d6zellikle paganizm, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 nedeniyle tap\u0131nak ve mabedlerine yeniden kavu\u015fmu\u015f, hem zihinleri hem de kalpleri me\u015fgul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a 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\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646, \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627, \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644, \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u067e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/tr\/saints-and-fathers\/mim\/st-martin-the-merciful-the-bishop-of-tours\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0631 - \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\":\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064e\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064f\u0633 &quot;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645&quot; \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631 (Tours) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f&nbsp; \u0645\u064e\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629: Rouen, Tours, \u0625\u0650\u0643\u062a\u0652\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0633, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u062f, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0651, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0651, \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0651, \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u064e\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645, \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629, \u067e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647, \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064e\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647, \u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646, \u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627, \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644, \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u067e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064a\u0647\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/tr\/saints-and-fathers\/mim\/st-martin-the-merciful-the-bishop-of-tours\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0630\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0646\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/facebook.com\/orthodoxonline\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-05-08T18:52:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-19T01:35:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2010\/05\/11-nov-St-Martin-the-Merciful-the-Bishop-of-Tours.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"849\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" 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