{"id":2273,"date":"2010-05-15T19:42:17","date_gmt":"2010-05-15T19:42:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/saints-and-fathers\/ya\/st-john-the-damascene\/"},"modified":"2026-02-19T02:26:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-19T01:26:21","slug":"st-john-the-damascene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orthodoxonline.org\/theology\/tr\/saints-and-fathers\/ya\/st-john-the-damascene\/","title":{"rendered":"John Damascene"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u015eaml\u0131Aziz Yuhanna ad\u0131ndaki Mansur ibn Sarjun, MS 655 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda, o d\u00f6nemde Emevilerin ba\u015fkenti olan \u015eam'da, erdemi, ilim sevgisi, siyasi ve sosyal y\u00f6n\u00fc ile bilinen kadim ve zengin bir aileden d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Yahya'n\u0131n babas\u0131 Sarjun ve b\u00fcy\u00fckbabas\u0131 Mansur, Emevi halifelerinin fonlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek ve H\u0131ristiyanlardan Vergi toplamak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Mansur'un gen\u00e7li\u011finde bir s\u00fcre bu g\u00f6revi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor: \u015eaml\u0131 Aziz John.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Mansour k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015flardan itibaren \u00f6nemli bir edebi, felsefi ve dini k\u00fclt\u00fcr edindi: Biyografisi bize \u00f6\u011fretmeninin Sicilya adas\u0131ndan bir ke\u015fi\u015f oldu\u011funu, babas\u0131n\u0131n onu sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sava\u015f esiri oldu\u011funu, sonra onu serbest b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirdi\u011fini) anlat\u0131yordu. ve iki o\u011flunun e\u011fitimini ona emanet etti: birincisi Mansur ve ikincisi, evlatl\u0131k o\u011flu Kazma. Y\u00fcksek e\u011fitimli \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n dili olan Yunanca'y\u0131 ve halk\u0131n ayinlerde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil olan S\u00fcryanice'yi iyi derecede biliyordu ve bize ula\u015fan t\u00fcm yaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yunanca olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kendisinin de bildi\u011fi kesindir. Arap\u00e7a, as\u0131l ailesinin dili.<\/p>\n

\"\u015eaml\u0131Babas\u0131 Sargon \u00f6l\u00fcr \u00f6lmez devlet fonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netiminde babas\u0131n\u0131n yerini ald\u0131; \u00f6\u011fretmeninin c\u00fccesi ve evlatl\u0131k karde\u015finin c\u00fccesi ise Siq Mar Saba'da manast\u0131r hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlendi. Daha sonra otuz ya\u015flar\u0131nda olan Mansur, bilmedi\u011fimiz ve siyasi olabilecek nedenlerle k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve Mar Saba mahallesindeki \u00f6\u011fretmeni Qazma ve karde\u015finin yan\u0131na gitti. Orada m\u00fcnzevi ya\u015fam\u0131 sevdi ve kendisinden s\u0131k s\u0131k Kud\u00fcs'te vaazlar ve konu\u015fmalar yapmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyen Kud\u00fcs Patri\u011fi IV. John'un (706-734) elinde teolojiyi daha derinlemesine ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Orada belki de \u00f6\u011fretmeni Patrik'ten esinlenerek John ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

O s\u0131ralarda (725 y\u0131l\u0131 civar\u0131nda), kutsal ikonalara duyulan sayg\u0131yla m\u00fccadele eden bir sapk\u0131nl\u0131k ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu \u015ferefin sadece pagan ibadeti oldu\u011funu iddia etmek. Yuhanna t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fc ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle kutsal ikonalara secdeye ba\u011fl\u0131 kal\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 savundu ve bu secdenin sadece ikonlarda temsil edilen ki\u015filere bir sayg\u0131 duru\u015fu oldu\u011funu, kesinlikle tasvirlere tap\u0131nma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n hepsini "hen\u00fcz Kutsal Ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k saflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen" yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\u015eaml\u0131Bu ba\u011flamda biyografisi, Yahya'ya olan nefreti nedeniyle kutsal ikonalardan nefret eden Kral Leo'nun kendisini yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla ihanetle su\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun da elinin kesilmesine neden oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131yor. John'un tek yapmas\u0131 gereken, odas\u0131na girmek ve "s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z \u015fefaatleri olan Muhte\u015fem Han\u0131mefendi'nin ikonunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde t\u00fcm v\u00fccudunu yere atmakt\u0131. Kesik avucunu dirse\u011fine bast\u0131rd\u0131 ve ona derinliklerinden yalvard\u0131." kalbi ve g\u00f6zleri g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru yanan g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131yla dolup ta\u015ft\u0131 ve \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: Ey kutsal, saf Han\u0131m, Tanr\u0131'n\u0131n Annesi. Tanr\u0131m\u0131z, Ebedi S\u00f6z, insan \u0131rk\u0131na olan b\u00fcy\u00fck sevgisinden dolay\u0131 sizin saf kan\u0131n\u0131zdan enkarnasyon yoluyla. , Senden benim ad\u0131ma O'na yalvarman\u0131 rica ediyorum... elimi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki durumuna, m\u00fckemmele, t\u00fcm ac\u0131lardan ve kesiklerden sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde geri getirmesini ve hizmetkar\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fefkatini (aynen b\u00f6yle) g\u00f6stermeni istiyorum. dilim bozulmaz, senin \u00f6vg\u00fcnle ya\u015fad\u0131m, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sen benim istedi\u011fimi yapabilirsin.\u201d \u201cSonra g\u00f6zleri uykuya dald\u0131 ve kad\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekil ve suretinde \u015fefkatli oldu\u011funu, yan taraf\u0131yla kendisine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ona \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc: Elin kurtuldu, o halde Allah'a verdi\u011fin ada\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yerine getir ve ada\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geciktirme. yemin et. Mutlu bir sevin\u00e7le uyand\u0131, aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131, dua etti ve \u015f\u00fckretti. Ve ricas\u0131na verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131na ve saatinde toparlanma \u015fekline uygun bir s\u00fcre boyunca ilahiyi s\u00f6yleyin.\u201d \u00dc\u00e7 kollu Meryem Ana ikonas\u0131 yukar\u0131da bahsedilen mucizenin sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\"\u015eaml\u0131John'un kutsal ikonalardan nefret edenlere kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kampanyaya dayanarak, bu onurun sa\u011flam ve nihai temellerini atan \u0130mparator Konstantin (Kepronim), 754 y\u0131l\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli davetlilerin (\u0130skenderiye patrikleri, \u0130skenderiye patrikleri, Antakya ve Kud\u00fcs) mevcut de\u011fildi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc orada bulunanlar kutsal ikonalara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeyi kategorik olarak reddettiler ve bunu ihlal eden herkesin Tanr\u0131'n\u0131n emirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 bir isyanc\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konseyden (Hiera) olu\u015fan bu konseyde (Hiera) belirtilen doktrinleri ihlal eden bir d\u00fc\u015fman olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesine karar verdiler. Daha sonra bu onuru savunanlar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fclerini, yani K\u0131br\u0131sl\u0131 George'u, Konstantinopolisli Germanus'u ve "M\u00fcsl\u00fcman fikirlerini \u00f6\u011freten o talihsiz isim" Mansur ibn Sargon'u aforoz ettiler.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, 787'deki \u0130kinci Naif Konseyi, kutsal ikonlar\u0131 onurland\u0131rmaya karar verdikten sonra, 754 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hiera'n\u0131n h\u0131rs\u0131zlar konseyinde yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lanlara onurlar\u0131n\u0131 geri verdi; "kahramanlar Germanus, John ve George i\u00e7in sonsuz bir merhamet" Ger\u00e7e\u011fin... Teslis \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn\u00fc de y\u00fcceltmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/p>\n

John, Mar Saba vadisindeki h\u00fccresinde inzivaya \u00e7ekilmi\u015fti ve karde\u015fi Cosmas ile birlikte Kilise'nin bug\u00fcne kadar s\u00f6yledi\u011fi dini ilahileri ve yasalar\u0131 besteliyordu. Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 o kadar boldu ki daha sonra \u201calt\u0131n nehri\u201d olarak an\u0131lmay\u0131 hak etti. Daha sonra ilahi takdir, Cosmos'un bug\u00fcn Melems (Gazze yak\u0131n\u0131nda) olarak bilinen Mayum'un piskoposu se\u00e7ilmesini istedi ve John'dan defalarca rahip olarak atanmas\u0131 istendi. "Kutsal Evin Patri\u011fi onu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131p kendi iste\u011fi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ona rahip atayana kadar, ancak onu \u00e7ok fazla zorlayarak fikrinin \u00fcstesinden gelene kadar" her seferinde reddetti. Oradan Siq'e d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde rit\u00fcellerini ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. Ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en uzak yerlerine kadar uzanan s\u00f6zlerinin tasnifine y\u00f6neldi.<\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7iler onun t\u00f6reninin Kud\u00fcs Patri\u011fi V. John'un (735) eliyle tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u015eaml\u0131 Aziz John, \u00e7ilecilik ve yaz\u0131yla uzun bir ya\u015fam ge\u00e7irdikten sonra muhtemelen 749 y\u0131l\u0131nda yukar\u0131da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en manast\u0131rda \u00f6ld\u00fc. Oraya g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc ve mezar\u0131 on ikinci y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar bilinip sayg\u0131yla an\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra kemikleri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re Konstantinopolis'e nakledildi. Kutsal \u015eaml\u0131 Yahya'n\u0131n \u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131lmadan ve halk onu onurland\u0131rmaya, ayinle ilgili bestelerini s\u00f6ylemeye ve teolojik kitaplar\u0131na ba\u015fvurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hen\u00fcz \u00f6lmemi\u015fti...<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131lar\u0131:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0130lim \u00e7e\u015fmesi: ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r\n
      \n
    1. Felsefe ve Mant\u0131k: Felsefi zorluklar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r, felsefenin teolojiyle ili\u015fkili rol\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klar ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlere giri\u015f olarak kabul edilir.<\/li>\n
    2. Sapk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ve nedenleri..<\/li>\n
    3. Ortodoks Sadakat, Ortodoks \u0130nanc\u0131 ve Ortodoks \u0130nanc\u0131 \u00dczerine Y\u00fcz Makale. En \u00f6nemli inan\u00e7lar\u0131n bir sunumunu i\u00e7erir. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n
    4. Antakya Ortodoks Sekreterli\u011fi \u00d6zeti: Yabrud Metropoliti \u0130lyas taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    5. \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fcbirlik hakk\u0131nda soru-cevap \u015feklinde bir makale<\/li>\n
    6. \u201cKutsal, Kutsal, Kutsal\u201d ile ilgili bir makale, bu duan\u0131n yaln\u0131zca O\u011ful'a de\u011fil, \u00fc\u00e7 hipostaza y\u00f6nelik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/li>\n
    7. Doktrinlere genel bir giri\u015f: Lazkiye Metropoliti Yahya'ya kendisi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve m\u00fcritleri taraf\u0131ndan derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\n
    8. Kutsal ikonalar\u0131 savunan \u00fc\u00e7 makale: Kutsal ikonalar\u0131n onurland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kararnamenin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonra 726 ile 730 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    9. Bir Jacobite piskoposuna kar\u015f\u0131 bir makale: Jacobites'in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve ilkelerini, \u00f6zellikle de Mesih'te tek bir do\u011fa oldu\u011funa dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 reddetti\u011fi.<\/li>\n
    10. Maniheizme kar\u015f\u0131 bir makale: Dualizmin hatalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in bir Ortodoks ile bir Maniheist aras\u0131nda diyalog \u015feklindedir.<\/li>\n
    11. Bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ile bir H\u0131ristiyan aras\u0131ndaki tart\u0131\u015fma: Enkarnasyon doktrinini savunmak ve kader teorisini reddetmek.<\/li>\n
    12. Cad\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 deneme.<\/li>\n
    13. Karma\u015f\u0131k do\u011fa \u00fczerine bir deneme: Tek do\u011faya inananlar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin reddi.<\/li>\n
    14. \u0130sa'n\u0131n iki vasiyeti oldu\u011funu anlatan bir yaz\u0131: \u0130sa'n\u0131n tek vasiyeti oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyenlere cevap niteli\u011findedir.<\/li>\n
    15. Nasturilere Kar\u015f\u0131 Deneme: Mesih'in iki do\u011fas\u0131 oldu\u011fu kadar iki ki\u015fili\u011fi de oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyenler.<\/li>\n
    16. Ortodoks Yahya'n\u0131n polemi\u011fi: Manichaeus ile Mani'nin fikirlerini reddediyor<\/li>\n
    17. Aziz Pavlus'un Mektuplar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan bir yazar. John Chrysostom ve \u0130skenderiyeli Cyril'in yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan ilham ald\u0131.<\/li>\n
    18. Oru\u00e7la ilgili k\u0131sa bir yaz\u0131<\/li>\n
    19. K\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar hakk\u0131nda kompozisyon<\/li>\n
    20. Erdemler ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckler \u00fczerine bir deneme.<\/li>\n
    21. Vaazlar: Meryem Ana'n\u0131n \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine, Meryem Ana'n\u0131n do\u011fumu hakk\u0131nda, Ba\u015fkala\u015f\u0131m hakk\u0131nda, \u0130sa'n\u0131n lanetledi\u011fi solmu\u015f incir a\u011fac\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Cumartesi hakk\u0131nda \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026. vesaire.<\/li>\n
    22. Liturjik kompozisyonlar ve dini ilahiler <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Aziz Yuhanna'n\u0131n hayat\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha geni\u015f bilgi ve daha fazla bilgiyi Tarih b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bulabilirsiniz >> Dokuzuncu Y\u00fczy\u0131la Kadar Kilise Tarihi >> \u201cJohn Damascus, alt\u0131na h\u00fccum eden<\/a>“<\/p>\n

      Ortodoks Kilisemiz onun an\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 4 Aral\u0131k'ta kutluyor.<\/p>\n

      Sekizinci melodide Troparia
      Sen ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131n, ey d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli Yahya, do\u011fru inanc\u0131n rehberi ve iyi ibadetin ve safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretmeni, ey ya\u015fan\u0131lan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 ve bilge ba\u015f rahiplerin g\u00fczelli\u011fi ve \u00f6\u011fretilerinle herkesi ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131n, ey d\u00fcnyan\u0131n m\u00fczisyeni. ruh, ruhlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in Mesih Tanr\u0131'ya arac\u0131l\u0131k ediyor.<\/p>\n

      Ve ayr\u0131ca sekizinci melodide Troyaria
      Gelin, \u0130sa Kilisesi'ni s\u00f6yleyen ve onu g\u00fczel melodili, melodik \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131yla sevindiren, \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen, melodik b\u00fclb\u00fcl\u00fc \u00f6velim.Onunla, ilahilerin lideri, her \u015feyi bilen \u015eaml\u0131 Yahya'y\u0131 kastediyorum. ilahi ve evrensel bilgelik.<\/p>\n

      D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc melodiyle Kandaq
      Ey inananlar, ilahilerin yazar\u0131, Kilisenin \u00f6\u011fretmeni ve lambas\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fmanlara kar\u015f\u0131 koyan sayg\u0131de\u011fer Yuhanna'y\u0131 \u00f6velim, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o, Rab'bin Ha\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n silah\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu ve b\u00f6ylece onunla Tanr\u0131'n\u0131n hatas\u0131yla y\u00fczle\u015fiyordu. O, b\u00fct\u00fcn bid'at\u00e7\u0131lardand\u0131r ve Allah nezdinde hararetli bir \u015fefaat\u00e7i oldu\u011fundan, herkesin g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015flar.<\/p>\n

      \u0130kinci melodiyle ba\u015fka bir \u015fark\u0131
      Ey d\u00fcr\u00fcst baba, \u00e7ilecili\u011fin bir\u00e7ok \u00e7abas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bedenini ehlile\u015ftirdin ve onu zahmetle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lad\u0131n, bu y\u00fczden g\u00f6ksel y\u00fcksekliklere u\u00e7tun ve bunda sana ilahi melodiler verildi ve bunlar\u0131 Rab'bin sevdikleri i\u00e7in herkesin \u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u00f6yledin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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