كان القديس فيلبس راهبا امتاز بفضيلته واستقامته. اختير رئيسا للدير رغما عنه، ثم متروبوليتاً على موسكو سنة 1566 أيام القيصر إيفان الرهيب المشهور بفظائعه. حاول المطران فيلبس أن يصلحه، لكن لم ينفع التنبيه، فلامه في الكنيسة قائلا: “يا سيد، نحن نقدّم هنا ذبيحةً غير دمويّة فيما خلف هذا الهيكل يسيل دم المسيحيين”.
فاغتاظ القيصر وأمره بأن يسكت، فأجاب: “لا أستطيع أن أطيعك أكثر مما أطيع الله. انا أجاهد من أجل الحق والصلاح وسأستمر في ذلك”. اغتبط الشعب المؤمن بما أبداه القديس فيلبس من جسارة وغيرة على الحق، لكن لم يقل أحد شيئا بسبب الخوف من القيصر. دعا القيصر الى مجمع أساقفة تابعين له، وأصدر حكماً بنفي المطران فيلبس الى دير أوتروخ. وبعد وقت قصير أَرسل اليه القيصر مَن قتله سنة 1569.
تعيّد له الكنيسة المقدسة في التاسع من شهر كانون الثاني.
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