Empress Irene: (786-787) In the year 775, Constantine V died and was succeeded by his son Leo IV. This Leo, like his father, rejected icons, but he was soft-sided. Five years later, his son, Constantine VI, who was ten years old, succeeded him. His mother, Irene, assumed power in his name and was a fan of icons. Irene saw, from the beginning of her reign, that the army was still hostile to icons and that the gallantry was in constant boiling, so she postponed consideration of returning the icons to another time. Patriarch Paul IV of Constantinople and other senior church men were forced to accept the decisions of the Hierarchy Council (754), so he resigned and advised the Regency to convene an ecumenical council and to promote to the patriarchal seat Tarasius, the custodian of state secrets, asecretis. Tarasius was a devout scholar and did not accept the degree until he was confident that the will defended the right opinion. As soon as he received the crutch of care, he took the initiative to send peace messages to Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, indicating his adherence to the decisions of the ecumenical councils, his strong belief in the intercession of the Virgin, the angels, and the saints, and his respect for icons.

Call to hold the council: In the year 784, Patriarch Tarasius wrote and wrote the will in her name and in the name of her son Constantine VI to Pope Adrian I (771-795) and to the Patriarchs Apollinarius of Alexandria, Theodorus of Antioch, and Elias of Jerusalem for an ecumenical council to be held in Constantinople. Adrianus responded with joyful praise, but he objected to Tarasius’s elevation from the common people and to his ecumenical title, and requested that “the properties of Peter the Apostle” and the authority over the dioceses “which Leo III added to the See of Constantinople” be restored to him.

Integration of the complex: In the summer of the year 786, the council met in Constantinople in the Church of the Apostles, but soldiers rushed there, brandishing weapons, and pushed the fathers out. The will replaced the capital's garrison with something else. The fathers returned to the meeting in September of the year 787 in the city of Nicaea. The council consisted of 367 fathers, and its president was Patriarch Tarasius. On behalf of Pope Adrian, were the priests Peter and Peter, and for the three Eastern patriarchs, the priests Thomas and John, because the political conditions in the Islamic state were severe for them.

Acts and laws of the complex: The Seventh Ecumenical Council held eight sessions and enacted twenty-two laws, within one month between the twenty-fourth of September and the twenty-third of October in the year 787. Tarasius opened the work of the council with a brief sermon, then he read the book The Emperor and the Testament. The most important thing that came in this book is what it means: “We are rising.” By the Gospel commandment, the commandment of Christ the eternal High Priest, we have been concerned with restoring peace to the Church. With His pleasure and pleasure, we have gathered you, His great priests, for your righteousness, who have kept His covenant with bloodless sacrifices, so that your rule may be that of Orthodox councils. It was also stated in this letter that Tarasius was forced to accept the patriarchal position and that he said before accepting the patriarchy: “I see and see the Church of Christ founded on the rock that is Christ our God, now divided and divided, and that we used to say before what we say now.” The Christians of the East, who are similar to us in faith, say another statement to which the Christians of the West agreed. We have become strangers to them all. And every day we are deprived of everyone. I therefore request the convening of an ecumenical council attended by representatives of the Pope of Rome and the chief priests of the East.”

After that, in the third session on the twenty-eighth of September, the heretical bishops entered and confessed the mistake in which they had made, offered remorse, and raised upright confessions of faith, and at the forefront of these was Basil, Bishop of Ankara. He said in his confession: “I, Basil, bishop of the city of Ankara, have chosen to unite with the universal Church. I mean the most holy Adrian Babbar of Rome, the most holy Patriarch Thracius, the most sacred apostolic sees of Alexandria, Antioch, and the Holy City, and the rest of the Orthodox high priests and priests, and I presented him to you who received authority from the apostolic origin.” “.

The Pope's letter and the letters of the patriarchs were read, and Tarsius announced his approval of the content of these letters. In the third and fourth sessions, the fathers recognized the necessity of honoring icons, accepted them, and annulled the decisions of the Hierarchy Council (754). In the seventh session, they wrote a confession of faith and defined their position on icons, saying: “By honoring them by prostrating out of respect for those on whom they are depicted, there is no worship for them, because worship is due to God alone and no one else.”

The twenty-two laws required compensation for the monasteries and endowments for the loss and damage they had suffered, and imposed on the bishops to carry out their duty. It also clarified their rights and powers, and required the priests, priests, and monks to abide by church laws.

Western empire: It was as a result of this long persecution that befell the Church in the East and West, and as a result of the Patriarch of Constantinople’s adherence to the title of Patriarch of the World, that Pope Leo III of Rome attempted to restore the right to ancient Rome, the first capital, to elect the emperor. Apparently, Irene's authority was considered illegal because she was a woman and because Rome had never previously recognized a woman's right to rule. The throne of the Roman Empire was considered vacant after the deposition of Constantine VI, and he blindfolded him, so he crowned Carolus the Great, King of France, emperor in his cathedral church on Christmas Day of the year 800, and considered him a successor to Leo IV, Heraclius, Justinian, Theodosius, and Constantine. The Constantinople government considered this act a violation of authority. I expected Carolus the Great to march on the East, as did other emperors who rose before him in the West, so they marched and united. Carlos knew very well that the government of Constantinople would choose a new philosopher after Irene, so he negotiated marriage with Irene, but she was deposed in the year 802. The Constantinople government did not recognize Carlos’s new title before the year 812, but in exchange for this, it officially added to the title of philosopher the word “Roman”! With the establishment of a strange empire corresponding to the legitimate Roman Empire, the conflict between this patriarch and that pope intensified and paved the way for a major schism in the Universal Church!

The determinations of the Seventh Ecumenical Council did not put an end to the conflict, as several emperors ascended the throne after the death of the queen (in the year 803), including Leo V (the Armenian). They again fought icons and pursued their venerators. Saint Theodore the Studite is considered the most famous defender of icons at this stage. This new state of persecution continued until Michael III and his mother Theodora came to power, and they permanently restored the tradition of honoring icons in the year 843. This victory is known as the “Triumph of Orthodoxy,” and it is celebrated in a special service on the first Sunday of the Holy Fortieth Sunday of Lent, which is called “The Victory of Orthodoxy.” One of the Orthodox.”